Free fatty acids and IL-6 induce adipocyte galectin-3 which is increased in white and brown adipose tissues of obese mice
| Autor: | Kristina Eisinger, Yvonne Hader, Christa Buechler, Sabrina Krautbauer |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Lipopolysaccharides
Male medicine.medical_specialty animal structures Adipose Tissue White Galectin 3 Immunology Mice Obese Adipose tissue Inflammation Fatty Acids Nonesterified Biology Biochemistry Mice chemistry.chemical_compound Adipose Tissue Brown Downregulation and upregulation Glycation 3T3-L1 Cells Adipocyte Internal medicine Adipocytes otorhinolaryngologic diseases medicine Animals Humans Immunology and Allergy Obesity RNA Messenger adipocyte protein 2 Molecular Biology Interleukin-6 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Cell Differentiation Hematology Fatty Liver Mice Inbred C57BL stomatognathic diseases Glucose Endocrinology Liver chemistry Galectin-3 biology.protein Tumor necrosis factor alpha medicine.symptom |
| Zdroj: | Cytokine. 69:263-271 |
| ISSN: | 1043-4666 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.06.016 |
| Popis: | Galectin-3 regulates immune cell function and clearance of advanced glycation end products. Galectin-3 is increased in serum of obese humans and mice and most studies suggest that this protein protects from inflammation in metabolic diseases. Current data show that galectin-3 is markedly elevated in the liver, subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat depots of mice fed a high fat diet and ob/ob mice. Galectin-3 is also increased in brown adipose tissues of these animals and immunohistochemistry confirms higher levels in adipocytes. Raised galectin-3 in obese white adipocytes has been described in the literature and regulation of adipocyte galectin-3 by metabolites with a role in obesity has been analyzed. Galectin-3 is expressed in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and human preadipocytes and is modestly induced in mature adipocytes. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes galectin-3 is localized in the cytoplasm and is also detected in cell supernatants. Glucose does not alter soluble galectin-3. Lipopolysaccharide has no effect while TNF reduces and IL-6 raises this lectin in cell supernatants. Palmitate and oleate modestly elevate soluble galectin-3. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells in the presence of 100 μM and 200 μM linoleate induces soluble galectin-3 and cellular levels are upregulated by the higher concentration. Current data suggest that free fatty acids and IL-6 increase galectin-3 in adipocytes and thereby may contribute to higher levels in obesity. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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