Reproductive Hormone Concentrations and Associated Anatomical Responses: Does Soy Formula Affect Minipuberty in Boys?
| Autor: | Donald Walt Chandler, Babette S. Zemel, Margaret A. Adgent, Virginia A. Stallings, David M. Umbach, Eileen G Ford, Kerry James, Stacy A Patchel, Kassa Darge, Julianne Cook Botelho, Joan I. Schall, Walter J. Rogan, Helen B Chin, Andrea Kelly, Donna D. Baird, Hubert W. Vesper |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male 0301 basic medicine medicine.medical_specialty Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Biochemistry Phytoestrogens Context (language use) Genitalia Male Breast milk Biochemistry 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine Endocrinology Internal medicine Testis medicine Humans Testosterone Prospective Studies Online Only Articles Prospective cohort study Clinical Research Article 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine business.industry Biochemistry (medical) Anogenital distance Infant Luteinizing Hormone Infant Formula Breast Feeding 030104 developmental biology chemistry Female Soybeans Luteinizing hormone business Penis Hormone |
| Zdroj: | J Clin Endocrinol Metab |
| ISSN: | 1945-7197 0021-972X |
| Popis: | Context Soy formula feeding is common in infancy and is a source of high exposure to phytoestrogens, documented to influence vaginal cytology in female infants. Its influence on minipuberty in males has not been established. Objective To assess the association between infant feeding practice and longitudinally measured reproductive hormones and hormone-responsive tissues in infant boys. Methods The Infant Feeding and Early Development study was a prospective cohort of maternal–infant dyads requiring exclusive soy formula, cow milk formula, or breast milk feeding during study follow-up. In the 147 infant boy participants, serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, stretched penile length, anogenital distance, and testis volume were longitudinally assessed from birth to 28 weeks. We examined feeding-group differences in age trajectories for these outcomes using mixed-effects regression splines. Results Median serum testosterone was at pubertal levels at 2 weeks (176 ng/dL [quartiles: 124, 232]) and remained in this range until 12 weeks in all feeding groups. We did not observe differences in trajectories of hormone concentrations or anatomical measures between boys fed soy formula (n = 55) and boys fed cow milk formula (n = 54). Compared with breastfed boys (n = 38), soy formula–fed boys had a more rapid increase in penile length (P = .004) and slower initial lengthening of anogenital distance (P = .03), but no differences in hormone trajectories. Conclusion Reproductive hormone concentrations and anatomical responses followed similar trajectories in soy and cow milk formula–fed infant boys. Our findings suggest that these measures of early male reproductive development do not respond to phytoestrogen exposure during infancy. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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