Psychological Empowerment Among Urban Youth: Measurement Model and Associations with Youth Outcomes
| Autor: | Andria B. Eisman, Alison L. Miller, Susan Morrel-Samuels, Marc A. Zimmerman, Susan P. Franzen, Thomas M. Reischl, Daniel J. Kruger |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Michigan Health (social science) Adolescent Social Problems Urban Population media_common.quotation_subject Ethnic group Social Theory Social issues Article Developmental psychology 03 medical and health sciences Humans 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences Child Social Behavior Empowerment Internal-External Control Applied Psychology Power (Psychology) media_common 030505 public health Socialization 05 social sciences Social change Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Outcome and Process Assessment Health Care Prosocial behavior Female Power Psychological 0305 other medical science Psychology Social Adjustment 050104 developmental & child psychology Clinical psychology Intrapersonal communication |
| Zdroj: | American Journal of Community Psychology. 58:410-421 |
| ISSN: | 0091-0562 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/ajcp.12094 |
| Popis: | Empowerment-based strategies have become widely used method to address health inequities and promote social change. Few researchers, however, have tested theoretical models of empowerment, including multidimensional, higher-order models. We test empirically a multidimensional, higher-order model of psychological empowerment (PE), guided by Zimmerman’s (1995) conceptual framework including three components of PE: intrapersonal, interactional and behavioral. We also investigate if PE is associated with positive and negative outcomes among youth. The sample included 367 middle school youth aged 11–16 (M = 12.71; SD = 0.91); 60% female, 32% (n =117) white youth, 46% (n = 170) African-American youth, and 22% (n = 80) identifying as mixed race, Asian-American, Latino, Native American or other ethnic/racial group; schools reported 61–75% free/reduced lunch students. Our results indicated that each of the latent factors for the three PE components demonstrate a good fit with the data. Our results also indicated that these components loaded on to a higher-order PE factor (X2=32.68, df: 22, p=0.07; RMSEA: 0.04, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.06; CFI: 0.99). We found that the second order PE factor was negatively associated with aggressive behavior and positively associated with prosocial engagement. Our results suggest that empowerment-focused programs would benefit from incorporating components addressing how youth think about themselves in relation to their social contexts (intrapersonal), understanding social and material resources needed to achieve specific goals (interactional) and actions taken to influence outcomes (behavioral). Our results also suggest that integrating the three components and promoting PE may help increase likelihood of positive behaviors (e.g., prosocial involvement); we did not find an association between PE and aggressive behavior. Implications and future directions for empowerment research are discussed. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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