Imaging in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis
Autor: | Catherine Adamsbaum, Kumaran Deiva, Béatrice Husson, Gonzalo Barraza |
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Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Multiple Sclerosis Neurology Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging Diagnosis Differential White matter 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine medicine Humans Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Child Neuroradiology medicine.diagnostic_test business.industry Multiple sclerosis Magnetic resonance imaging McDonald criteria medicine.disease Magnetic Resonance Imaging Early Diagnosis medicine.anatomical_structure Spinal Cord Neurology (clinical) Neurosurgery Radiology business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
Zdroj: | Clinical Neuroradiology. 31:61-71 |
ISSN: | 1869-1447 1869-1439 |
Popis: | Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is defined by a first multiple sclerosis (MS) attack occurring before 18 years old and is diagnosed by demonstration of dissemination in time (DIT) and space (DIS). Although guidelines evolved over the years, they always recognized the importance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosis. The 2017 McDonald criteria are increasingly used and have been validated in several cohorts. The use of MRI is the most important tool for the early diagnosis, monitoring, and assessment of treatment response of MS and standard protocols include precontrast and postcontrast T1, T2, fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) and diffusion sequences. A distinctive MS lesion compromises white matter and it is well-demarcated and confluent, showing demyelination, inflammation, gliosis, and relative axonal preservation. Considering the growing recognition of pediatric MS as a differential diagnosis for children presenting with a clinical central nervous system event, we present a POMS lesions guide (periventricular, juxtacortical, infratentorial, spinal cord, cortical, tumefactive, black hole, contrast-enhanced). Owing to its rareness, POMS is a diagnosis by exclusion and MRI plays a fundamental role in distinguishing POMS from other demyelinating and non-demyelinating conditions. Three main groups of disorders can mimic POMS: inflammatory, metabolic and tumoral; however, imaging patterns earlier described lower the possibilities of alternative diagnoses and strongly suggest POMS when likely. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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