How much medication is delivered in a novel drug delivery technique that uses a tattoo machine?
| Autor: | Pedro Y. A. Paiva, Edna L. T. Oliveira, Samia Trigo Arbache, Samir Arbache, Nilceo Schwery Michalany, Dirlene Roth, Elizabeth da Costa Mattos, Milton Faria Diniz, Sergio Henrique Hirata |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Protocol (science)
Novel technique Dry needling Tattooing business.industry Injections Subcutaneous Skin Absorption Dermatology 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases 03 medical and health sciences Drug Delivery Systems 0302 clinical medicine Standard error 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Drug delivery Humans Medicine Dermatologic Agents business Skin Biomedical engineering |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Dermatology. 58:750-755 |
| ISSN: | 1365-4632 0011-9059 |
| Popis: | BACKGROUND Even though dermatologists often perform drug delivery procedures, it is necessary to assess their safety. OBJECTIVE Quantify the amount of medication delivered using the MMP drug delivery technique and outline other safety parameters. METHODS Using a simple and novel technique, we attempted to quantify the amount of medication delivered by weighing human skin samples before and after delivery. RESULTS In drug delivery done on human skin using a liquid with a density of 1,271,460 μg/ml (the values expressed in this manuscript are in µg), a needling density of 570 perforations/cm2 , and a needling depth of 300 microns, we estimate that 1,175 μg/cm2 were delivered (standard deviation 601 μg/cm2 , standard error 190 μg/cm2 ). LIMITATIONS This result is only applicable to the protocol proposed in this study for the MMP drug delivery technique. CONCLUSION The MMP drug delivery technique injects small amounts of medication (1,175 μg/cm2 ) homogeneously into the dermis. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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