Uptake of atenolol, carbamazepine and triclosan by crops irrigated with reclaimed water in a Mediterranean scenario
| Autor: | María Victoria Pablos, M. A. Porcel, Carlos Fernández Torija, Eulalia María Beltrán, Miguel González-Doncel |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Mediterranean climate
Crops Agricultural Irrigation Agricultural Irrigation Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis 0211 other engineering and technologies 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences Wastewater 01 natural sciences Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products Tap water Humans 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Transpiration 021110 strategic defence & security studies fungi Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health food and beverages General Medicine Pollution Reclaimed water Triclosan Carbamazepine Agronomy Atenolol Spain Bioaccumulation Environmental science Sewage treatment Water Pollutants Chemical |
| Zdroj: | Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 191 |
| ISSN: | 1090-2414 |
| Popis: | Water scarcity is a natural condition in the Mediterranean rim countries. In this region, reuse of reclaimed water (RW) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is becoming a potential source for highly water-demanding activities such as agriculture. However, the removal capacity of contaminants in regular WWTPs has been found to be limited. Considering a Mediterranean scenario, this research investigated the plant uptake and translocation of three representative pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) typically present in RW samples from a WWTP located in an urban area in Spain, and assessed the potential risk to humans from plant consumption. The RW samples were collected and analyzed for three representative PPCPs (atenolol -ATN-, carbamazepine -CBZ- and triclosan -TCS-). The target contaminants were also spiked at two levels in the RW samples to consider two worst-case scenarios. Three plant models (lettuce, maize and radish) were grown outdoors and irrigated with four treatments: tap water; RW samples, and the two spiked RW samples. Generally speaking, results revealed an efficient root uptake for the three PPCPs regardless of plant species and fortification level, and suggested an interaction effect of treatment and plant organ. Different bioaccumulation and translocation potentials of the three PPCPs were seen into the aerial organs of the plants. Overall, these observations support the idea that factors including the physico-chemical properties of the PPCPs and physiological plant variables, could be responsible for the differential accumulation and translocation potentials observed. These variables could be critical for crops irrigated with RW in regions with extended dry seasons, high solar incidence and low annual rainfall such as those in the Mediterranean rim where plants are subjected to high transpiration rates. However, the results obtained from this experimental approach suggested a negligible risk to humans from consumption of edible plants irrigated with RW samples with presence of PPCPs, despite the fact that the three representative PPCPs under study accumulated efficiently in the plants. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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