Neutron relative biological effectiveness in Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors: a critical review
| Autor: | Masao S. Sasaki, Satoru Endo, Taisei Nomura, Masaharu Hoshi |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Risk
Neoplasms Radiation-Induced World War II Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Proportional counter Review Radiation cancer risk Radiation Dosage Chromosomes 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging Nuclear physics 03 medical and health sciences chromosomal effectiveness 0302 clinical medicine Japan neutron RBE Relative biological effectiveness Medicine Humans Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Neutron Radiometry Nuclear Warfare Leukemia Radiation-Induced Neutrons Neutron dose business.industry Dose-Response Relationship Radiation microdosimetry Radiation exposure Treatment Outcome Cancer incidence 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis mixed-radiation field atomic bomb survivor business Cancer risk Relative Biological Effectiveness |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Radiation Research |
| ISSN: | 1349-9157 0449-3060 |
| Popis: | The calculated risk of cancer in humans due to radiation exposure is based primarily on long-term follow-up studies, e.g. the life-span study (LSS) on atomic bomb (A-bomb) survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since A-bomb radiation consists of a mixture of γ-rays and neutrons, it is essential that the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of neutrons is adequately evaluated if a study is to serve as a reference for cancer risk. However, the relatively small neutron component hampered the direct estimation of RBE in LSS data. To circumvent this problem, several strategies have been attempted, including dose-independent constant RBE, dose-dependent variable RBE, and dependence on the degrees of dominance of intermingled γ-rays. By surveying the available literature, we tested the chromosomal RBE of neutrons as the biological endpoint for its equivalence to the microdosimetric quantities obtained using a tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) in various neutron fields. The radiation weighting factor, or quality factor, Qn, of neutrons as expressed in terms of the energy dependence of the maximum RBE, RBEm, was consistent with that predicted by the TEPC data, indicating that the chromosomally measured RBE was independent of the magnitude of coexisting γ-rays. The obtained neutron RBE, which varied with neutron dose, was confirmed to be the most adequate RBE system in terms of agreement with the cancer incidence in A-bomb survivors, using chromosome aberrations as surrogate markers. With this RBE system, the cancer risk in A-bomb survivors as expressed in unit dose of reference radiation is equally compatible with Hiroshima and Nagasaki cities, and may be potentially applicable in other cases of human radiation exposure. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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