A kinetic and mechanistic study into the transformation of calcium sulfate hemihydrate to dihydrate
| Autor: | Gabriel Seng, Gareth R. Williams, Sebastian J. Gurgul |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Work (thermodynamics) Gypsum Nucleation Thermodynamics Crystal growth 02 engineering and technology engineering.material 010402 general chemistry Kinetic energy 01 natural sciences Reaction rate calcium sulfate conversion Instrumentation hemihydrate Radiation Chemistry Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Research Papers gypsum 0104 chemical sciences Scientific method engineering 0210 nano-technology hydration |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Synchrotron Radiation |
| ISSN: | 1600-5775 |
| Popis: | A detailed kinetic and mechanistic study of the hydration of CaSO4·0.5H2O to CaSO4·2H2O is reported. This is a one-step process with no crystalline intermediate phases, and the addition of increasing amounts of CaSO4·2H2O reduces the importance of nucleation in controlling the reaction rate. The conversion of CaSO4·0.5H2O to CaSO4·2H2O is of great importance industrially, being the reaction behind plasterboard production and the setting of medical plasters. A detailed kinetic and mechanistic study of this process was conducted using time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction in this work. The CaSO4·2H2O product is very similar regardless of whether the α- or β-form of CaSO4·0.5H2O is used as the starting material, but the reaction process is very different. The induction time is usually shorter for α-CaSO4·0.5H2O than β-CaSO4·0.5H2O, and a greater conversion percentage is observed with the former (although in neither case does the reaction proceed to 100% completion). The temperature of the system, widely used in industry as an indirect measure of the extent of the hydration process, is found to be a poor proxy for this, with the maximum temperature reached well before the reaction is complete. The Avrami–Erofe’ev and Gualtieri models could both be fitted to the experimental data, with the fits being substantially closer in the case of α-CaSO4·0.5H2O. The rate of reaction in the Avrami model tends to increase with the amount of gypsum seeds added to accelerate the process, and the importance of nucleation declines. The Gualtieri analysis suggested that the rate of nucleation increases substantially with the amount of seeds added, while there are less distinct changes in the rate of crystal growth. At low seed concentrations ( |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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