SALMFamide2 and serotonin immunoreactivity in the nervous system of some acoels (Xenacoelomorpha)
| Autor: | Bernhard Egger, Maximilian J. Telford, Lucy M. Nevard, Thomas Zauchner, Isabel L. Dittmann |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Nervous system Serotonin Anterior commissure Serotonergic 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences 03 medical and health sciences Posterior commissure immunocytochemistry Xenoturbella medicine Animals Research Articles biology antibody specificity nervous system Convolutidae Anatomy Commissure biology.organism_classification Invertebrates Xenacoelomorpha Statocyst Nemertodermatida 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Animal Science and Zoology Developmental Biology Research Article |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Morphology |
| ISSN: | 1097-4687 0362-2525 |
| Popis: | Acoel worms are simple, often microscopic animals with direct development, a multiciliated epidermis, a statocyst, and a digestive parenchyma instead of a gut epithelium. Morphological characters of acoels have been notoriously difficult to interpret due to their relative scarcity. The nervous system is one of the most accessible and widely used comparative features in acoels, which have a so‐called commissural brain without capsule and several major longitudinal neurite bundles. Here, we use the selective binding properties of a neuropeptide antibody raised in echinoderms (SALMFamide2, or S2), and a commercial antibody against serotonin (5‐HT) to provide additional characters of the acoel nervous system. We have prepared whole‐mount immunofluorescent stainings of three acoel species: Symsagittifera psammophila (Convolutidae), Aphanostoma pisae, and the model acoel Isodiametra pulchra (both Isodiametridae). The commissural brain of all three acoels is delimited anteriorly by the ventral anterior commissure, and posteriorly by the dorsal posterior commissure. The dorsal anterior commissure is situated between the ventral anterior commissure and the dorsal posterior commissure, while the statocyst lies between dorsal anterior and dorsal posterior commissure. S2 and serotonin do not co‐localise, and they follow similar patterns to each other within an animal. In particular, S2, but not 5‐HT, stains a prominent commissure posterior to the main (dorsal) posterior commissure. We have for the first time observed a closed posterior loop of the main neurite bundles in S. psammophila for both the amidergic and the serotonergic nervous system. In I. pulchra, the lateral neurite bundles also form a posterior loop in our serotonergic nervous system stainings. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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