A new standard for predicting lung injury inflicted by Friedlander blast waves

Autor: P.O. Kummer, J.A. Teland, J.C.A.M. van Doormaal, H.P.A. Dijkers, M.M. van der Voort, K.B. Holm
Rok vydání: 2016
Předmět:
Risk
Safety engineering
Engineering
Explosives safety
Explosion
General Chemical Engineering
0211 other engineering and technologies
Explosions
Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Injury
02 engineering and technology
Management Science and Operations Research
Lung injury
Free field
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Blast injury
Dynamic pressures
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Engineering modeling
Gastrointestinal tract
Reflecting surface
medicine
Risks
EBP - Explosions
Ballistics & Protection
Safety
Risk
Reliability and Quality
Lung
Short duration
Blast wave
Simulation
TS - Technical Sciences
021110 strategic
defence & security studies
Lethality
Blasting
business.industry
030208 emergency & critical care medicine
Mechanics
Observation
Weapon & Protection Systems
medicine.disease
Blast
Biological organs
Overpressure
Control and Systems Engineering
Explosives
Dynamic pressure
business
Food Science
Zdroj: Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 40, 396-405
ISSN: 0950-4230
DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2016.01.014
Popis: An important blast injury mechanism is the rupture of the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract. In explosives safety studies and threat analysis the empirical model of Bowen is often used to quantify this mechanism. The original model predicts the lethality for a person in front of a reflecting surface caused by simple Friedlander blast waves. Bowen extended the applicability to persons in prone position and standing in the free field by making assumptions about the pressure dose at these positions. Based on new experimental data, some authors recently concluded that the lethality for a person standing in the free field is the same as for a person in front of a reflecting surface, contrary to Bowen's assumptions.In this article, we show that only for a short duration blast wave, the load on a person standing in the free field is comparable to that on a person in front of a reflecting surface. For long positive phase durations, a safe and conservative assumption is that the load on a person standing in the free field is the sum of the side-on overpressure and the dynamic pressure. This hypothesis is supported by common knowledge about blast waves and is illustrated with numerical blast simulations.In a step by step derivation we present a new standard for the prediction of lethality caused by Friedlander blast waves, which will be included in the NATO Explosives Safety Manual AASTP-4. The result is a comprehensive engineering model that can be easily applied in calculations. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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