Sodium Nitrite and Sodium Thiosulfate Are Effective Against Acute Cyanide Poisoning When Administered by Intramuscular Injection
| Autor: | Tanya Burney, Michael C. Babin, Sari B. Mahon, Vikhyat S. Bebarta, Renate B. Pilz, David Mukai, Matthew Brenner, David Yoon, Gerry R. Boss, Matthew K. Brittain, Norma Garrett, Adriano Chan |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Cyanide Antidotes Sus scrofa Thiosulfates Sodium thiosulfate Injections Intramuscular Article 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Mice Random Allocation 0302 clinical medicine Medicine Animals 030212 general & internal medicine Sodium nitrite Sodium cyanide Cyanides Sodium Nitrite business.industry 030208 emergency & critical care medicine Mass Casualty Disease Models Animal chemistry Anesthesia Emergency Medicine Cyanide poisoning Rabbits business Intramuscular injection CYANIDE ANTIDOTES |
| Zdroj: | Bebarta, VS; Brittain, M; Chan, A; Garrett, N; Yoon, D; Burney, T; et al.(2017). Sodium Nitrite and Sodium Thiosulfate Are Effective Against Acute Cyanide Poisoning When Administered by Intramuscular Injection. ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE, 69(6), 718-725. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.09.034. UC Irvine: Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5n44t6fs |
| ISSN: | 1097-6760 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.09.034. |
| Popis: | The 2 antidotes for acute cyanide poisoning in the United States must be administered by intravenous injection. In the out-of-hospital setting, intravenous injection is not practical, particularly for mass casualties, and intramuscular injection would be preferred. The purpose of this study is to determine whether sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate are effective cyanide antidotes when administered by intramuscular injection.We used a randomized, nonblinded, parallel-group study design in 3 mammalian models: cyanide gas inhalation in mice, with treatment postexposure; intravenous sodium cyanide infusion in rabbits, with severe hypotension as the trigger for treatment; and intravenous potassium cyanide infusion in pigs, with apnea as the trigger for treatment. The drugs were administered by intramuscular injection, and all 3 models were lethal in the absence of therapy.We found that sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate individually rescued 100% of the mice, and that the combination of the 2 drugs rescued 73% of the rabbits and 80% of the pigs. In all 3 species, survival in treated animals was significantly better than in control animals (log rank test, P.05). In the pigs, the drugs attenuated an increase in the plasma lactate concentration within 5 minutes postantidote injection (difference: plasma lactate, saline solution-treated versus nitrite- or thiosulfate-treated 1.76 [95% confidence interval 1.25 to 2.27]).We conclude that sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate administered by intramuscular injection are effective against severe cyanide poisoning in 3 clinically relevant animal models of out-of-hospital emergency care. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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