Xanthine oxidoreductase in cancer: more than a differentiation marker
| Autor: | Maria Giulia Battelli, Letizia Polito, Andrea Bolognesi, Massimo Bortolotti |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Battelli, MG, Polito, L, Bortolotti, M, Bolognesi, A. |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
reactive oxygen and nitrogen specie
0301 basic medicine Purine Cancer Research Xanthine Dehydrogenase Review Biology medicine.disease_cause xanthine oxidoreductase 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine oncogenesis Neoplasms oncogenesi medicine Animals Humans Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species Reactive nitrogen species Carcinogen Cancer Biology chemistry.chemical_classification Reactive oxygen species Catabolism Prognosis Reactive Nitrogen Species Uric Acid Gene Expression Regulation Neoplastic 030104 developmental biology Oncology chemistry Biochemistry Xanthine dehydrogenase Differentiation 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Uric acid Reactive Oxygen Species Carcinogenesis |
| Zdroj: | Cancer Medicine |
| ISSN: | 2045-7634 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/cam4.601 |
| Popis: | Human xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the last two steps of purine catabolism and is present in two interconvertible forms, which may utilize O2 or NAD + as electron acceptors. In addition to uric acid, XOR products may comprise reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that have many biologic effects, including inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and cytotoxicity, as well as mutagenesis and induction of proliferation. XOR is strictly modulated at the transcriptional and post‐translational levels, and its expression and activity are highly variable in cancer. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) expression has been negatively associated with a high malignity grade and a worse prognosis in neoplasms of the breast, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney, which normally express a high level of XOR protein. However, the level of XOR expression may be associated with a worse outcome in cancer of low XOR‐expressing cells, in relation to the inflammatory response elicited through the tissue damage induced by tumor growth. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) has been implicated in the process of oncogenesis either directly because it is able to catalyze the metabolic activation of carcinogenic substances or indirectly through the action of XOR‐derived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The role of uric acid is characterized by both oxidant and antioxidant action; thus, it is still debatable whether control of uricemia may be helpful to improve the outcomes of tumor illness. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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