Modeling the Intraurban Variability of Ambient Traffic Pollution in Toronto, Canada
| Autor: | Murray M. Finkelstein, Michael Jerrett, Bernardo Beckerman, Pavlos S. Kanaroglou, Jeffrey R. Brook, Norm Finkelstein, M. A. Arain, Nicolas L. Gilbert, Dan L. Crouse |
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| Rok vydání: | 2007 |
| Předmět: |
Geographic information system
Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis media_common.quotation_subject Nitrogen Dioxide Population Air pollution Toxicology medicine.disease_cause Population density Air Pollution Environmental monitoring medicine Cities education media_common Ontario education.field_of_study Variables Land use business.industry Reproducibility of Results Regression analysis Models Theoretical Motor Vehicles Regression Analysis Environmental science Physical geography business Environmental Monitoring Forecasting |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A. 70:200-212 |
| ISSN: | 1087-2620 1528-7394 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/15287390600883018 |
| Popis: | The objective of this paper is to model determinants of intraurban variation in ambient concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in Toronto, Canada, with a land use regression (LUR) model. Although researchers have conducted similar studies in Europe, this work represents the first attempt in a North American setting to characterize variation in traffic pollution through the LUR method. NO2 samples were collected over 2 wk using duplicate two-sided Ogawa passive diffusion samplers at 95 locations across Toronto. Independent variables employed in subsequent regression models as predictors of NO2 were derived by the Arc 8 geographic information system (GIS). Some 85 indicators of land use, traffic, population density, and physical geography were tested. The final regression model yielded a coefficient of determination (R2) of .69. For the traffic variables, density of 24-h traffic counts and road measures display positive associations. For the land use variables, industrial land use and counts of dwellings within 2000 m of the monitoring location were positively associated with NO2. Locations up to 1500 m downwind of major expressways had elevated NO2 levels. The results suggest that a good predictive surface can be derived for North American cities with the LUR method. The predictive maps from the LUR appear to capture small-area variation in NO2 concentrations. These small-area variations in traffic pollution are probably important to the exposure experience of the population and may detect health effects that would have gone unnoticed with other exposure estimates. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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