Verbal working memory: magnetic resonance, morphometric analysis and a psychophisiological model
| Autor: | Evgenia Nikonova, Stanislav Kozlovskiy, Artem Kozlovskiy, Alexander Vartanov, Maria Pyasik |
|---|---|
| Předmět: |
Temporal cortex
Cingulate cortex Recall hippocampus Working memory lcsh:BF1-990 caudate nucleus Hippocampus verbal memory working-memory model cingulate cortex working memory magnetic resonance morphometric analysis lcsh:Psychology Visual memory Posterior cingulate Psychology (miscellaneous) Verbal memory Psychology Neuroscience |
| Zdroj: | ResearcherID Psychology in Russia: State of Art, Vol 6, Iss 3, Pp 19-30 (2013) |
| DOI: | 10.11621/pir.2013.0302 |
| Popis: | Neurophysiological mechanisms of verbal information processing are traditionally related to the functioning of the temporal cortex of the left hemisphere of the brain. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that a lesion in this brain region usually causes trouble in speech perception, as well as other problems with audio-verbal information processing, including severe verbal-memory impairment. However, the temporal cortex is not the only brain structure that takes part in this cognitive process; moreover, from all appearances, verbal memory is related to the combined functioning of several brain regions.It has been revealed that verbal memory is related to the hippocampus, which is a part of the limbic system of the brain. According to the results of fMRI studies, the hippocampus is activated during the performance of verbal-memory tasks. Furthermore, it is activated more frequently in the stage of information retrieval than in the stage of its consolidation (Karlsgodt, Shirinyan, van Erp, Cohen, & Cannon, 2005). Abnormal activation of this brain structure is seen in patients with multiple sclerosis (Sweet, Rao, Primeau, Durgerian, & Cohen, 2006) and epilepsy (Campo et al., 2009). Also, hippocampus size is related to verbal-memory capac- ity in patients with epilepsy (Kalviainen et al., 1997) and Alzheimer's disease (de Toledo-Morrell et al., 2000).Furthermore, an important role in verbal-memory functioning belongs to the cingulate cortex, which is also a part of the limbic system along with the hippocampus. For example, some studies show that the anterior cingulate cortex is involved in the process of semantic coding in verbal working memory (Kaneda & Osaka, 2008). Also, the posterior cingulate cortex activates recognition of familiar words, objects, and places (Sugiura, Shah, Zilles, & Fink, 2005; Heun et al., 2006).Some studies also show that the caudate nuclei activate during the functioning of working memory (Hart et al., 2013; Moore, Li, Tyner, Hu, & Crosson, 2013). Lesions in this structure in humans result in working-memory impairment (Partiot et al., 1996).Recent studies of different brain regions involvement in cognitive processes use magnetic resonance morphometric analysis. For example, some studies show that the size of the hippocampus and its subdivisions correlates with memory processes (Kozlovskiy, Sozinova, Skvortsova, & Vartanov, 2009; Maguire, Woollett, & Spiers, 2006; Vartanov, Kozlovskiy, Skvortsova, & Sozinova, 2009). It has also been demonstrated that reduced hippocampus size in elderly people is accompanied by verbal-memory decline (Hackert et al., 2002). Moreover, anterior hippocampus volume is related to delayed verbal memory, whereas posterior hippocampus volume is associated with spatial memory (Chen, Chuah, Sim, & Chee, 2010). Decreased size of the hippocampus and the amygdala is found in close relatives of schizophrenia patients, who also tend to have trouble with delayed verbal memory while immediate verbal memory remains intact (O'Driscoll et al., 2001).Far less is known about the correlation between the size of different cingulate-cortex regions and verbal-memory processes. Some studies show that anterior cingulate-cortex atrophy, such as in Alzheimer's disease, can cause severe confabulations (Lee et al., 2009); anterior cingulate-cortex atrophy is also seen in schizophrenics, who suffer from memory errors, such as confabulations (Choi et al., 2005; Koo et al., 2008; Mitelman, Shihabuddin, Brickman, Hazlett, & Buchsbaum, 2005). According to some studies, an increase in several areas of the cingulate cortex correlates with a decrease in the number of errors in memory tests. However, a decrease in the number of errors not only does not improve overall memory performance but actually tends to deteriorate total recall (Kozlovskiy, Vartanov, et al., 2012; Kozlovskiy, Velichkovsky, et al., 2012).According to some studies, a decrease in caudate-nuclei volume leads to a decline in performance on most verbal and visual memory tests, mostly because of a decline in cognitive control (Bartres-Faz et al. … |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|