Risk Analysis of Road Tunnels: A Computational Fluid Dynamic Model for Assessing the Effects of Natural Ventilation
| Autor: | Gianluca Genovese, Ciro Caliendo, Isidoro Russo |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
risk analysis
0211 other engineering and technologies 020101 civil engineering 02 engineering and technology computational fluid dynamics Computational fluid dynamics Radiant heat lcsh:Technology 0201 civil engineering lcsh:Chemistry Risk analysis (business) user safety General Materials Science Visibility road tunnels Instrumentation lcsh:QH301-705.5 021101 geological & geomatics engineering Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes business.industry lcsh:T Process Chemistry and Technology General Engineering Natural ventilation natural ventilation Toxic gas lcsh:QC1-999 Computer Science Applications lcsh:Biology (General) lcsh:QD1-999 lcsh:TA1-2040 Environmental science business lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) lcsh:Physics Marine engineering |
| Zdroj: | Applied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 32, p 32 (2021) Applied Sciences Volume 11 Issue 1 |
| ISSN: | 2076-3417 |
| Popis: | We have developed an appropriate Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model for assessing the exposure to risk of tunnel users during their evacuation process in the event of fire. The effects on escaping users, which can be caused by fire from different types of vehicles located in various longitudinal positions within a one-way tunnel with natural ventilation only and length less than 1 km are shown. Simulated fires, in terms of maximum Heat Release Rate (HRR) are: 8, 30, 50, and 100 MW for two cars, a bus, and two types of Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs), respectively. With reference to environmental conditions (i.e., temperatures, radiant heat fluxes, visibility distances, and CO and CO2 concentrations) along the evacuation path, the results prove that these are always within the limits acceptable for user safety. The exposure to toxic gases and heat also confirms that the tunnel users can safely evacuate. The evacuation time was found to be higher when fire was related to the bus, which is due to a major pre-movement time required for leaving the vehicle. The findings show that mechanical ventilation is not necessary in the case of the tunnel investigated. It is to be emphasized that our modeling might represent a reference in investigating the effects of natural ventilation in tunnels. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|