Respiratory and other hazards of isocyanates
| Autor: | X. Baur, G. Fruhmann, A. B. Czuppon, Boleslaw Marczynski, J Ammon, Monika Raulf-Heimsoth, H Roemmelt, W. Marek |
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| Rok vydání: | 1994 |
| Předmět: |
Carcinogenicity Tests
Guinea Pigs Provocation test Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis Air Pollutants Occupational Immunoglobulin E Bronchial Provocation Tests Mice chemistry.chemical_compound Dogs Respiratory Hypersensitivity medicine Animals Humans Asthma biology Toluene diisocyanate Mutagenicity Tests business.industry Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health medicine.disease Isocyanate Rats medicine.anatomical_structure chemistry Immunoglobulin G Immunology biology.protein Rabbits business Occupational asthma Isocyanates Respiratory tract |
| Zdroj: | International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. 66:141-152 |
| ISSN: | 1432-1246 0340-0131 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/bf00380772 |
| Popis: | Isocyanates are increasingly being used for manufacturing polyurethane foam, elastomers, adhesives, paints, coatings, insecticides, and many other products. At present, they are regarded as one of the main causes of occupational asthma. The large number of workers who are exposed to these chemicals have a concentration-dependent risk of developing chronic airway disorders, especially bronchial asthma. Different pathophysiologic mechanisms are involved. Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated sensitization and irritative effects have been clearly demonstrated in both exposed subjects and animals. Presumably, neural inflammation due to neuropeptide release of capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves is crucial. We collected data on 1780 isocyanate workers who had been examined by our groups. Of them 1095 (including subjects from outpatient departments) had work-related symptoms, predominantly of the respiratory tract. Specific IgE antibodies were found in 14% of the 1095 subjects. The methacholine challenge test was shown to be an inadequate predictor of the results of inhalative isocyanate provocation tests in workers and in asthmatic controls. Isocyanate (toluene diisocyanate TDI) air concentrations of 10 ppb (0.07 mg/m3) and 20 ppb (0.14 mg/m3), respectively, did not cause significant bronchial obstruction in the majority of previously unexposed asthmatics with bronchial hyperreactivity. IgG-mediated allergic alveolitis, a rare disease among isocyanate workers, was found in approximately 1% of the symptomatic subjects. Experimental studies exhibit dose-dependent toxic effects and give evidence for tachykinin-mediated bronchial hyperreactivity after exposure to isocyanates. The clinical role of genotoxic effects of isocyanates and their by-products demonstrated here in vitro and in vivo has yet to be clarified. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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