Structural Insights into APOBEC3-Mediated Lentiviral Restriction
| Autor: | Krista A. Delviks-Frankenberry, Vinay K. Pathak, Belete Ayele Desimmie |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Intrinsic immunity proteasomal degradation viruses lcsh:QR1-502 cytidine deamination Review restriction factor nucleic acid binding lcsh:Microbiology Virus 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Structure-Activity Relationship Cytidine deamination Ubiquitin Virology Animals Humans cullin 5 APOBEC Deaminases APOBEC3G substrate selection Innate immune system 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology biology Base Sequence CBFβ Lentivirus hypermutation Cytidine biochemical phenomena metabolism and nutrition Vif Cell biology Protein Structure Tertiary 030104 developmental biology Infectious Diseases Viral replication chemistry elongin b and c biology.protein Lentivirus Infections |
| Zdroj: | Viruses Viruses, Vol 12, Iss 587, p 587 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 1999-4915 |
| Popis: | Mammals have developed clever adaptive and innate immune defense mechanisms to protect against invading bacterial and viral pathogens. Human innate immunity is continuously evolving to expand the repertoire of restriction factors and one such family of intrinsic restriction factors is the APOBEC3 (A3) family of cytidine deaminases. The coordinated expression of seven members of the A3 family of cytidine deaminases provides intrinsic immunity against numerous foreign infectious agents and protects the host from exogenous retroviruses and endogenous retroelements. Four members of the A3 proteins—A3G, A3F, A3H, and A3D—restrict HIV-1 in the absence of virion infectivity factor (Vif); their incorporation into progeny virions is a prerequisite for cytidine deaminase-dependent and -independent activities that inhibit viral replication in the host target cell. HIV-1 encodes Vif, an accessory protein that antagonizes A3 proteins by targeting them for polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation in the virus producing cells. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the role of human A3 proteins as barriers against HIV-1 infection, how Vif overcomes their antiviral activity, and highlight recent structural and functional insights into A3-mediated restriction of lentiviruses. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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