Binding of the von Willebrand Factor A Domain of Capillary Morphogenesis Protein 2 to Anthrax Protective Antigen Vaccine Reduces Immunogenicity in Mice
| Autor: | Sireesha Mamillapalli, James G. Bann, Jarad Schiffer, Srinivas Gonti, Han Li, Fabiana Freire Mendes de Oliveira, Arturo Casadevall, Robert N. Brey |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Immunogen Receptors Peptide Anthrax toxin medicine.medical_treatment 030106 microbiology Bacterial Toxins lcsh:QR1-502 Anthrax Vaccines immunization Microbiology complex mixtures lcsh:Microbiology Epitope 03 medical and health sciences Epitopes Mice Immunogenicity Vaccine Antigen von Willebrand Factor medicine antigen processing Animals Humans Molecular Biology Antigens Bacterial Mice Inbred BALB C Anthrax vaccines Chemistry Immunogenicity fungi Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed anthrax Therapeutics and Prevention Antibodies Bacterial Antibodies Neutralizing QR1-502 Recombinant Proteins 3. Good health 030104 developmental biology protein stability Female Adjuvant Protein Binding Research Article |
| Zdroj: | mSphere mSphere, Vol 5, Iss 1 (2020) mSphere, Vol 5, Iss 1, p e00556-19 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 2379-5042 |
| Popis: | The anthrax toxin PA is the major immunogen in the current anthrax vaccine (anthrax vaccine adsorbed). Improving the anthrax vaccine for avoidance of a cold chain necessitates improvements in the thermodynamic stability of PA. We address how stabilizing PA using sCMG2 affects PA immunogenicity in BALB/c mice. Although the stability of PA is increased by binding to sCMG2, PA immunogenicity is decreased. This study emphasizes that, while binding of a ligand retains or improves conformational stability without affecting the native sequence, epitope recognition or processing may be affected, abrogating an effective immune response. Protective antigen (PA) is a component of anthrax toxin that can elicit toxin-neutralizing antibody responses. PA is also the major antigen in the current vaccine to prevent anthrax, but stability problems with recombinant proteins have complicated the development of new vaccines containing recombinant PA. The relationship between antigen physical stability and immunogenicity is poorly understood, but there are theoretical reasons to think that this parameter can affect immune responses. We investigated the immunogenicity of anthrax PA, in the presence and absence of the soluble von Willebrand factor A domain of the human form of receptor capillary morphogenesis protein 2 (sCMG2), to elicit antibodies to PA in BALB/c mice. Prior studies showed that sCMG2 stabilizes the 83-kDa PA structure to pH, chemical denaturants, temperature, and proteolysis and slows the hydrogen-deuterium exchange rate of histidine residues far from the binding interface. In contrast to a vaccine containing PA without adjuvant, we found that mice immunized with PA in stable complex with sCMG2 showed markedly reduced antibody responses to PA, including toxin-neutralizing antibodies and antibodies to domain 4, which correlated with fewer toxin-neutralizing antibodies. In contrast, mice immunized with PA in concert with a nonbinding mutant of sCMG2 (D50A) showed anti-PA antibody responses similar to those observed with PA alone. Our results suggest that addition of sCMG2 to a PA vaccine formulation is likely to result in a significantly diminished immune response, but we discuss the multitude of factors that could contribute to reduced immunogenicity. IMPORTANCE The anthrax toxin PA is the major immunogen in the current anthrax vaccine (anthrax vaccine adsorbed). Improving the anthrax vaccine for avoidance of a cold chain necessitates improvements in the thermodynamic stability of PA. We address how stabilizing PA using sCMG2 affects PA immunogenicity in BALB/c mice. Although the stability of PA is increased by binding to sCMG2, PA immunogenicity is decreased. This study emphasizes that, while binding of a ligand retains or improves conformational stability without affecting the native sequence, epitope recognition or processing may be affected, abrogating an effective immune response. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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