Evaluating Factors for Controlling Sediment Connectivity of Landslide Materials: A Flume Experiment
| Autor: | Roy C. Sidle, Katsushige Shiraki, Yoshiharu Ishikawa, Hefryan Sukma Kharismalatri, Takashi Gomi |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
lcsh:Hydraulic engineering
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Geography Planning and Development 010501 environmental sciences Aquatic Science 01 natural sciences Biochemistry Debris flow hydrogeomorphic conditions Landslide dam lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes lcsh:TC1-978 landslide dam debris flow Tributary Geomorphology 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Water Science and Technology lcsh:TD201-500 geography geography.geographical_feature_category Environmental engineering Sediment Landslide Debris Flume connectivity Sedimentary rock flume experiment Geology |
| Zdroj: | Water, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 17 (2018) Water Volume 11 Issue 1 |
| ISSN: | 2073-4441 |
| Popis: | Connectivity of landslide sediment to and within fluvial systems is a key factor affecting the extent of mobilization of hillslope material. In particular, the formation of landslide dams and the transformation into landslide-induced debris flows represent “end members” of landslide sediment mobility. To quantify sediment connectivity, we developed a two-segment flume representing tributary inflow and the main channel. Mobility of sediment was examined by combinations of various topographic factors, such as tributary inflow angle (0 to 90° in 30° increments) and main channel gradient (10° and 15°), as well as water content of sediment (0 to 100% in 20% increments). We also examined differences of mobility among sediments derived from various lithologies (sand and shale, pyroclastic sediment, weathered granite, and weathered sedimentary rock). Mobility of sediment differed, depending on the water content of sediment, particularly less than saturation or greater than saturation. When all types of unsaturated landslide sediments entered the channel at inflow angles of 60° and 90°, substantial deposition occurred, suggesting the formation of landslide dams. At low inflow angles (0° and 30°) in a steep channel (15°), > 50% of landslide sediment was transported downstream, indicating the occurrence of a debris flow. The amount of sediment deposited at the junction angle was greater for pyroclastic sediment followed by weathered granite, weathered sedimentary rock, and finally, sand and shale. Our connectivity index suggests that a threshold exists between landslide dam formation and debris flow occurrence associated with topographic conditions, water content, and types of sediment. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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