Changing epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Nouakchott, Mauritania: a six-year (2015–2020) prospective study

Autor: Inejih El Moustapha, Jemila Deida, Mariem Dadina, Abdellahi El Ghassem, Mariem Begnoug, Mariem Hamdinou, Khadijetou Mint Lekweiry, Mohamed Salem Ould Ahmedou Salem, Yacoub Khalef, Amal Semane, Khyarhoum Ould Brahim, Sébastien Briolant, Hervé Bogreau, Leonardo Basco, Ali Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary
Přispěvatelé: Université de Nouakchott Al-Aasriya (UNA), Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network Falciparum Haematology Study Group
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2023
Předmět:
Zdroj: Malaria Journal
Malaria Journal, 2023, 22 (1), pp.18. ⟨10.1186/s12936-023-04451-3⟩
ISSN: 1475-2875
DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04451-3⟩
Popis: Background Plasmodium vivax malaria is one of the major infectious diseases of public health concern in Nouakchott, the capital city of Mauritania and the biggest urban setting in the Sahara. The assessment of the current trends in malaria epidemiology is primordial in understanding the dynamics of its transmission and developing an effective control strategy. Methods A 6 year (2015–2020) prospective study was carried out in Nouakchott. Febrile outpatients with a clinical suspicion of malaria presenting spontaneously at Teyarett Health Centre or the paediatric department of Mother and Children Hospital Centre were screened for malaria using a rapid diagnostic test, microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood films, and nested polymerase chain reaction. Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prism and InStat software. Results Of 1760 febrile patients included in this study, 274 (15.5%) were malaria-positive by rapid diagnostic test, 256 (14.5%) were malaria-positive by microscopy, and 291 (16.5%) were malaria-positive by PCR. Plasmodium vivax accounted for 216 of 291 (74.2%) PCR-positive patients; 47 (16.1%) and 28 (9.6%) had P. falciparum monoinfection or P. vivax–P. falciparum mixed infection, respectively. During the study period, the annual prevalence of malaria declined from 29.2% in 2015 to 13.2% in 2019 and 2.1% in 2020 (P P. vivax infections, but not P. falciparum infections, occurred at low levels during the rest of the year. The most affected subset of patient population was adult male white and black Moors. The decline in malaria prevalence was correlated with decreasing annual rainfall (r = 0.85; P = 0.03) and was also associated with better management of the potable water supply system. A large majority of included patients did not possess or did not use bed nets. Conclusions Control interventions based on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment should be reinforced in Nouakchott, and P. vivax-specific control measures, including chloroquine and 8-aminoquinolines (primaquine, tafenoquine) for treatment, should be considered to further improve the efficacy of interventions and aim for malaria elimination.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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