Effect of Withanolide A on 7-Ketocholesterol Induced Cytotoxicity in hCMEC/D3 Brain Endothelial Cells
| Autor: | Sandra Soh, Wei-Yi Ong |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
hypercholesterolemia
QH301-705.5 Thrombin brain endothelial cells Brain Endothelial Cells withanolide A 7-ketocholesterol blood-brain-barrier diabetes mellitus vascular dementia cerebral ischemia General Medicine Receptors Glucocorticoid Cyclooxygenase 2 Humans Biology (General) Ketocholesterols Withanolides |
| Zdroj: | Cells; Volume 11; Issue 3; Pages: 457 Cells, Vol 11, Iss 457, p 457 (2022) |
| ISSN: | 2073-4409 |
| Popis: | Withanolide A is a naturally occurring phytochemical that is found in Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera, fam. Solanaceae) or Indian Ginseng. In the current study, we elucidated the effect of withanolide A on 7-ketocholesterol (7KC) induced injury in hCMEC/D3 human brain endothelial cells. 7KC is a cholesterol oxidation product or oxysterol that is present in atherosclerotic plaques and is elevated in the plasma of patients with hypercholesterolemia and/or diabetes mellitus. Results showed that withanolide A significantly reduced the effects of 7KC, which include loss of endothelial cell viability, increase in expression of pro-inflammatory genes-IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), increased COX-2 enzyme activity, increased ROS formation, increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and genes associated with blood clotting, including Factor 2/thrombin, Factor 8, von Willebrand factor, and thromboxane A synthase, and increased human thrombin enzyme activity. Some of the above effects of withanolide A on 7KC were reduced in the presence of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, mifepristone (RU486). These findings suggest that the glucocorticoid receptor could play a role in the cytoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-clotting effects of withanolide A against 7KC. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of action of withanolide A against oxysterol-induced injury. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|