Overview: Recent advances in the understanding of the northern Eurasian environments and of the urban air quality in China – a Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) programme perspective

Autor: Hanna K. Lappalainen, Tuukka Petäjä, Timo Vihma, Jouni Räisänen, Alexander Baklanov, Sergey Chalov, Igor Esau, Ekaterina Ezhova, Matti Leppäranta, Dmitry Pozdnyakov, Jukka Pumpanen, Meinrat O. Andreae, Mikhail Arshinov, Eija Asmi, Jianhui Bai, Igor Bashmachnikov, Boris Belan, Federico Bianchi, Boris Biskaborn, Michael Boy, Jaana Bäck, Bin Cheng, Natalia Chubarova, Jonathan Duplissy, Egor Dyukarev, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Martin Forsius, Martin Heimann, Sirkku Juhola, Vladimir Konovalov, Igor Konovalov, Pavel Konstantinov, Kajar Köster, Elena Lapshina, Anna Lintunen, Alexander Mahura, Risto Makkonen, Svetlana Malkhazova, Ivan Mammarella, Stefano Mammola, Stephany Buenrostro Mazon, Outi Meinander, Eugene Mikhailov, Victoria Miles, Stanislav Myslenkov, Dmitry Orlov, Jean-Daniel Paris, Roberta Pirazzini, Olga Popovicheva, Jouni Pulliainen, Kimmo Rautiainen, Torsten Sachs, Vladimir Shevchenko, Andrey Skorokhod, Andreas Stohl, Elli Suhonen, Erik S. Thomson, Marina Tsidilina, Veli-Pekka Tynkkynen, Petteri Uotila, Aki Virkkula, Nadezhda Voropay, Tobias Wolf, Sayaka Yasunaka, Jiahua Zhang, Yubao Qiu, Aijun Ding, Huadong Guo, Valery Bondur, Nikolay Kasimov, Sergej Zilitinkevich, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Markku Kulmala
Přispěvatelé: Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), INAR Physics, Global Atmosphere-Earth surface feedbacks, Polar and arctic atmospheric research (PANDA), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Department of Forest Sciences, Forest Ecology and Management, Ecosystem processes (INAR Forest Sciences), Helsinki Institute of Physics, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Helsinki Institute of Urban and Regional Studies (Urbaria), Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Urban Environmental Policy, Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles, Zoology, Natural Sciences Unit, Aleksanteri Institute - Finnish Centre for Russian and East European Studies, Russian and Eurasian Studies (Aleksanteri Institute), Suomen ympäristökeskus, The Finnish Environment Institute, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 10663, 2858, 32771, 311932, 314798/99, 315203, 317999, 337549, 19-05-50024, 561975-EPP-1-2015-1-FI-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP, 606953, 654109, 0148-2019-0006, 13.1902.21.0003, 1 075-15-2021-574, TRAKT-2018, 13-01-20/39, European Research Council, ERC: 742206, 850614, Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India, डीएसटी, National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 41275137, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, РФФИ: 17-29-05027, 17-29-05102, 18-05-00306, 18-05-60037, 18-05-60083, 18-05-60219, 18-35-20031, 18-44-860017, 18-45-700015, 19-05-00352, 19-05-50088, 19-55-80021, Academy of Finland, AKA: 280700, 294600, 296302, Jane ja Aatos Erkon Säätiö, J&AE; Saint Petersburg State University, SPbU, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, MOST, Norges Forskningsråd: 311986, Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 17-17-01117, 18-17-00076, 19-77-300-12, 19-77-30004, 21-17-00181, Horizon 2020: 689443, 727890, Ulkoministeriö: PC0TQ4BT-20, Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, The work of Stanislav Myslenkov was supported by the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow State University 'The Future of the Planet and Global Environmental Changes'., Acknowledgements. We thank the following funding agencies and projects: Academy of Finland contract nos. 280700, 294600, 296302 (Novel Assessment of Black Carbon in the Eurasian Arctic: From Historical Concentrations and Sources to Future Climate Impacts, NABCEA), 307331 (FCoE Atmospheric Sciences), 311932, 314798/99, 315203, 317999, and 337549 (Atmosphere and Climate Competence Center, ACCC), the Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland (IBA-project no. PC0TQ4BT-20), PECC (Transferable Knowledge and Technologies for High-Resolution Environmental Impact Assessment and Management, TRAKT-2018) project, Russian Government mega-grant project 1 075-15-2021-574 'Megapolis – heat and pollution island: interdisciplinary hydroclimatic, geochemical and ecological analysis', Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) project nos. 17-29-05027 (Selenga–Baikal river system), 17-29-05102, 18-05-00306, 18-05-60037, 18-05-60219 (Arctic river), 18-35-20031, 18-44-860017, 18-45-700015, 18-05-60083 (Storm activity in the Barents Sea), 20-5512001 (An interdisciplinary study on the impact of aerosolized particulate matter from aged wildfire plumes on environment and human health), 19-05-50088, 19-05-00352, and 19-55-80021 (MOST and DST studies), Scientific and Educational School of Moscow State University 'The Future of the Planet and Global Environmental Changes', the IAO SB RAS supported by RFBR project no. 19-05-50024, Russian Science Foundation (RSF) projects 21-17-00181 (Monitoring at Lena River catchment), 17-17-01117, 18-17-00076 (Long-term measurement of aerosol chemical composition in central Siberia, 19-77-20109 (black carbon emissions from Siberian fires), 19-77-30004 (Moscow environment), and 19-77-300-12 (Measurement networks and field sites in the Kola Peninsula), Yugra State University grant no. 13-01-20/39, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia agreement no. 13.1902.21.0003, State assignment no. 0148-2019-0006, project N75295423 launched by St. Petersburg State University, Eu- ropean Research Council (ERC) project nos. 742206 (ATM-GTP) and 850614 (CHAPAs), EU Horizon 2020 project nos. 727890 (Integrated Arctic Observing System, INTAROS), 689443 (Integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments, iCUPE), and 654109 (Aerosol Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure, ACTRIS-2), EU7 FP MarcoPolo grant no. 606953, Erasmus+ 561975-EPP-1-2015-1-FI-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP, Norwegian Research Council and Belmont Forum project SERUS no. 311986, National Natural Science Foundation of China grant no. 41275137, and ESA-MOST China Dragon Cooperation project nos. 10663 and 32771 (Dragons 3 and 4). We also thank the AASCO – Arena gap analysis of the existing Arctic science co-operations (contract 2858) funded by the Prince Albert Foundation of Monaco (contract no. 2858)., European Project: 654109,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,ACTRIS-2(2015), European Project: 606953,EC:FP7:SPA,FP7-SPACE-2013-1,MARCOPOLO(2014)
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Zdroj: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2022, 22 (7), pp.4413-4469. ⟨10.5194/acp-22-4413-2022⟩
ISSN: 1680-7316
1680-7324
Popis: Short summary We summarize results during the last 5 years in the northern Eurasian region, especially from Russia, and introduce recent observations of the air quality in the urban environments in China. Although the scientific knowledge in these regions has increased, there are still gaps in our understanding of large-scale climate–Earth surface interactions and feedbacks. This arises from limitations in research infrastructures and integrative data analyses, hindering a comprehensive system analysis. The Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) Science Plan, released in 2015, addressed a need for a holistic system understanding and outlined the most urgent research needs for the rapidly changing Arctic-boreal region. Air quality in China, together with the long-range transport of atmospheric pollutants, was also indicated as one of the most crucial topics of the research agenda. These two geographical regions, the northern Eurasian Arctic-boreal region and China, especially the megacities in China, were identified as a “PEEX region”. It is also important to recognize that the PEEX geographical region is an area where science-based policy actions would have significant impacts on the global climate. This paper summarizes results obtained during the last 5 years in the northern Eurasian region, together with recent observations of the air quality in the urban environments in China, in the context of the PEEX programme. The main regions of interest are the Russian Arctic, northern Eurasian boreal forests (Siberia) and peatlands, and the megacities in China. We frame our analysis against research themes introduced in the PEEX Science Plan in 2015. We summarize recent progress towards an enhanced holistic understanding of the land–atmosphere–ocean systems feedbacks. We conclude that although the scientific knowledge in these regions has increased, the new results are in many cases insufficient, and there are still gaps in our understanding of large-scale climate–Earth surface interactions and feedbacks. This arises from limitations in research infrastructures, especially the lack of coordinated, continuous and comprehensive in situ observations of the study region as well as integrative data analyses, hindering a comprehensive system analysis. The fast-changing environment and ecosystem changes driven by climate change, socio-economic activities like the China Silk Road Initiative, and the global trends like urbanization further complicate such analyses. We recognize new topics with an increasing importance in the near future, especially “the enhancing biological sequestration capacity of greenhouse gases into forests and soils to mitigate climate change” and the “socio-economic development to tackle air quality issues”.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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