Poverty Suburbanization, Job Accessibility, and Employment Outcomes
| Autor: | Elizabeth C. Delmelle, Isabelle Nilsson, Providence Adu |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Suburbanization
labor market outcomes Sociology and Political Science Social Psychology media_common.quotation_subject spatial dependence 0211 other engineering and technologies 0507 social and economic geography Wage 02 engineering and technology Sociology & anthropology HM401-1281 income segregation Urbanization Sociology of Settlements and Housing Urban Sociology Sociology (General) media_common Spatial mismatch Poverty 05 social sciences Instrumental variable 021107 urban & regional planning Metropolitan area accessibility spatial mismatch Siedlungssoziologie Stadtsoziologie Geography Soziologie Anthropologie Demographic economics Prosperity ddc:301 050703 geography |
| Zdroj: | Social Inclusion, Vol 9, Iss 2, Pp 166-178 (2021) Social Inclusion Vicious Circle of Segregation: Understanding the Connectedness of Spatial Inequality across Generations and Life Domains |
| ISSN: | 2183-2803 |
| Popis: | The last decade of urbanization throughout many cities have seen a perceptible shift in the demand for centralized urban amenities while poverty has increasingly decentralized. Yet, the opportunity landscape of these shifting geographies of poverty and prosperity are not well understood. In this article, we examine how access to employment for low-income households has been impacted as a result of these changing geographies. Using a case study on the Charlotte metropolitan area we examine whether the suburbanization of poverty and reinvestment in the center city has reshaped the job opportunity landscape for low-wage residents. The objectives of this article are twofold. First, we calculate and map autobased accessibility from all neighborhoods in the Charlotte metropolitan area to job locations, differentiated by wage categories, in 2010 and 2017 to identify potential changes in the mismatch between low-income households and access to employment. We use a point-level employment dataset for these two years and calculate accessibility originating from census block groups. Second, we estimate the extent to which access to employment has affected employment rates and household incomes at the neighborhood level using a first-difference, spatial two-stage least squares model with instrumental variables. Our findings suggest that changes in accessibility had no significant effect on changes in neighborhood employment rates. However, we find evidence that increasing accessibility for lower-income households could have a positive effect on neighborhood median household incomes. Overall, the polycentric nature of Charlotte appears to have reduced the spatial mismatch between low-income workers and low-wage jobs. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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