Evidence That Emmetropization Buffers Against Both Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Myopia
| Autor: | Kate Northstone, Neema Ghorbani Mojarrad, J. Willem L. Tideman, Caroline C W Klaver, Annechien E. G. Haarman, Jeremy A. Guggenheim, Alfred Pozarickij, Clair A. Enthoven, Jan Roelof Polling, Milly S. Tedja, Denis Plotnikov, Cathy Williams |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Erasmus MC other, Ophthalmology, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Epidemiology |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Refractive error Longitudinal study genetic epidemiology Adolescent Sensory disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 12] 03 medical and health sciences All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center 0302 clinical medicine Risk Factors medicine Myopia Humans Genetic epidemiology Genetic Predisposition to Disease 030212 general & internal medicine refractive error Longitudinal Studies Risk factor Gene–environment interaction Child Generation R business.industry Clinical and Epidemiologic Research Regression analysis ALSPAC medicine.disease Emmetropia Refractive Errors Quantile regression 030221 ophthalmology & optometry Regression Analysis Female Gene-Environment Interaction business Bristol Population Health Science Institute Demography Quantile |
| Zdroj: | Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 61 Pozarickij, A, Enthoven, C A, Ghorbani Mojarrad, N, Plotnikov, D, Tedja, M S, Haarman, A E G, Tideman, J W L, Polling, J R, Northstone, K, Williams, C, Klaver, C C W & Guggenheim, J A 2020, ' Evidence That Emmetropization Buffers Against Both Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Myopia ', Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 61, no. 2 . https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.61.2.41 Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 61(2):Unsp 41. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Inc. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 61, 2 |
| ISSN: | 1552-5783 0146-0404 |
| DOI: | 10.1167/iovs.61.2.41 |
| Popis: | Purpose: To test the hypothesis that emmetropization buffers against genetic and environmental risk factors for myopia by investigating whether risk factor effect sizes vary depending on children's position in the refractive error distribution.Methods: Refractive error was assessed in participants from two birth cohorts: Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (noncycloplegic autorefraction) and Generation R (cycloplegic autorefraction). A genetic risk score for myopia was calculated from genotypes at 146 loci. Time spent reading, time outdoors, and parental myopia were ascertained from parent-completed questionnaires. Risk factors were coded as binary variables (0 = low, 1 = high risk). Associations between refractive error and each risk factor were estimated using either ordinary least squares (OLS) regression or quantile regression.Results: Quantile regression: effects associated with all risk factors (genetic risk, parental myopia, high time spent reading, low time outdoors) were larger for children in the extremes of the refractive error distribution than for emmetropes and low ametropes in the center of the distribution. For example, the effect associated with having a myopic parent for children in quantile 0.05 vs. 0.50 was as follows: ALSPAC: age 15, -1.19 D (95% CI -1.75 to -0.63) vs. -0.13 D (-0.19 to -0.06), P = 0.001; Generation R: age 9, -1.31 D (-1.80 to -0.82) vs. -0.19 D (-0.26 to -0.11), P < 0.001. Effect sizes for OLS regression were intermediate to those for quantiles 0.05 and 0.50.Conclusions: Risk factors for myopia were associated with much larger effects in children in the extremes of the refractive error distribution, providing indirect evidence that emmetropization buffers against both genetic and environmental risk factors. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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