Rainfall affects leaching of pre-emergent herbicide from wheat residue into the soil
| Autor: | Phil Ward, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, Yaseen Khalil, Ken Flower |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Crop residue Rain Plant Science 01 natural sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Soil Agricultural Soil Science Vegetables Sulfones Leaching (agriculture) Cropping system Vines Triticum Multidisciplinary biology Plant Anatomy Eukaryota Agriculture 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences Plants Weed control Agricultural soil science Wheat Seeds Medicine Biological Assay Interception Agrochemicals Research Article Science Soil Science Crops Grasses Cucumber Herbicides Ecology and Environmental Sciences Organisms Trifluralin Biology and Life Sciences Lolium multiflorum Isoxazoles biology.organism_classification chemistry Agronomy 040103 agronomy & agriculture 0401 agriculture forestry and fisheries Environmental science Weeds Ryegrass 010606 plant biology & botany Crop Science |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 2, p e0210219 (2019) |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| Popis: | No-tillage with stubble retention is a widely used cropping system for its conservation and yield benefits. The no-tillage farming system in southern Australia relies heavily on herbicides for weed management, but heavy crop residues may have a negative impact on the activity of pre-emergent herbicides applied. Any herbicide intercepted by the crop residue may not reach the soil surface without timely rainfall and may dissipate due to volatilisation, photo-degradation and/or microbial activity. Two experiments were carried out to investigate the interception of prosulfocarb, pyroxasulfone, and trifluralin herbicides by wheat residue and retention following simulated rainfall. For the first experiment, there were four simulated rainfall amounts (0, 5, 10, and 20 mm), three intensities (5, 10, and 20 mm h–1) and five application times (immediately after spraying herbicide, 6 h, 1, 7, and 14 days after spraying). In the second experiment, 20 mm of rainfall was applied at 10 mm h–1 in either 4 × 5 mm rainfall events over two days, 2 × 10 mm rainfall events over one day, or a single 20 mm rainfall event, with a no-rainfall control treatment. Bioassays were used to assess the herbicide activity/availability in the soil and remaining on the residue, using cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) as indicator plants. At higher rainfall amounts, most of the herbicide leached from the stubble into the soil soon after application; more so with rain in one event rather than multiple events. However, the intensity of rainfall had no effect. Pyroxasulfone leached easily from the residue to the soil to potentially offer good weed control, prosulfocarb had an intermediary leaching effect, while only a small amount of trifluralin leached from stubble after rain. Therefore, in no-tillage situations with large amounts of crop residue present on the soil surface, herbicides that leach easily from the residue should be considered, like pyroxasulfone. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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