High risk for human exposure to Rift Valley fever virus in communities living along livestock movement routes: A cross-sectional survey in Kenya
| Autor: | Clas Ahlm, Rosemary Sang, Edith Chepkorir, Gladys Mosomtai, Caroline Tigoi, Samuel Okello Arum, Osama A.B. Hassan, Zephania Irura, Magnus Evander, Benedict Orindi, Francis Mulwa, Samson Limbaso |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
RNA viruses
Male 0301 basic medicine Rift Valley fever virus Rift Valley Fever Epidemiology Cross-sectional study animal diseases RC955-962 Infektionsmedicin Disease Vectors Antibodies Viral Mosquitoes Geographical Locations 0302 clinical medicine Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine Zoonoses Bunyaviruses Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays Rift Valley fever Socioeconomics Pathology and laboratory medicine Asses Mammals 2. Zero hunger 1. No poverty Eukaryota Agriculture Medical microbiology Middle Aged 3. Good health Insects Infectious Diseases Geography Veterinary Diseases Viruses Vertebrates Female Livestock Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Pathogens Research Article Adult Infectious Medicine Arthropoda Adolescent Equines 030231 tropical medicine Cattle Diseases Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Research and Analysis Methods Microbiology Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences parasitic diseases medicine East africa Animals Humans Immunoassays Aged Medicine and health sciences Biology and life sciences business.industry Organisms Viral pathogens Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Outbreak medicine.disease Invertebrates Kenya Microbial pathogens Insect Vectors Species Interactions Cross-Sectional Studies 030104 developmental biology Immunoglobulin M Human exposure People and Places Africa Amniotes Immunologic Techniques Veterinary Science Cattle business |
| Zdroj: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 14, Iss 2, p e0007979 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 1935-2735 |
| Popis: | Introduction Multiple outbreaks of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) with devastating effects have occurred in East Africa. These outbreaks cause disease in both livestock and humans and affect poor households most severely. Communities living in areas practicing nomadic livestock movement may be at higher risk of infection. This study sought to i) determine the human exposure to Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in populations living within nomadic animal movement routes in Kenya; and ii) identify risk factors for RVFV infection in these communities. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. Samples were collected from the year 2014 to 2015 in a community-based sampling exercise involving healthy individuals aged ≥18 years from Isiolo, Tana River, and Garissa counties. In total, 1210 samples were screened by ELISA for the presence of immunoglobulin IgM and IgG antibodies against RVFV. Positive results were confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test. Results Overall, IgM and IgG prevalence for all sites combined was 1.4% (95% CI 0.8–2.3%) and 36.4% (95% CI 33.8–39.2%), respectively. Isiolo County recorded a non-significant higher IgG prevalence of 38.8% than Garissa 35.9% and Tana River 32.2% (Chi square = 2.5, df = 2, p = 0.287). Males were significantly at higher risk of infection by RVFV than females (OR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.17–2.39, p Author summary Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a neglected mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that causes major outbreaks and economic harm to human and ruminants health leading to increased poverty within affected communities. RVF is caused by RVF virus (RVFV) affecting humans and a wide range of ruminants. The virus is transmitted through bites from mosquitoes and exposure to blood, body fluids, or tissues of infected ruminants. It was first isolated in Kenya in 1930 and several outbreaks have been recorded in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. We studied pastoralist communities living along livestock migratory routes. Migratory livestock do move long distances in search of water and pasture and may be at higher risk of exposure to RVFV. We also determined risk factors for RVFV infection by studying age, gender, contact with animals through birthing, and occupation. Prevention and control of RVFV infection can target significant risk factors to prevent spread and re-occurrence of outbreaks. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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