Novel SARS-CoV-2 variants: the pandemics within the pandemic
| Autor: | Laurent Kaiser, Richard A. Neher, Pauline Vetter, Isabella Eckerle, Ilona Kronig, Erik Boehm |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Microbiology (medical) 030106 microbiology B.1.351 Re-infection Antibodies Viral P.1 Virus Herd immunity Variant of concern South Africa 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Immunity Pandemic Sequencing Humans 030212 general & internal medicine B.1.1.7 Pandemics biology SARS-CoV-2 VOC Variants COVID-19 Genetic Variation General Medicine Vaccine efficacy Antibodies Neutralizing Virology United Kingdom Vaccination Infectious Diseases Epidemiological Monitoring Mutation Mutation (genetic algorithm) biology.protein Narrative Review Antibody Mutations Brazil |
| Zdroj: | Clinical Microbiology and Infection |
| ISSN: | 1198-743X |
| Popis: | Background Many new variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been termed variants of concern/interest (VOC/I) because of the greater risk they pose due to possible enhanced transmissibility and/or severity, immune escape, diagnostic and/or treatment failure, and reduced vaccine efficacy. Aims We sought to review the current knowledge of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly those deemed VOC/Is: B.1.351, B.1.1.7, and P.1. Sources MEDLINE and BioRxiv databases, as well as the grey literature, were searched for reports of SARS-CoV-2 variants since November 2020. Relevant articles and their references were screened. Content Mutations on the spike protein in particular may affect both affinity for the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor ACEII and antibody binding. These VOC/Is often share similar mutation sets. The N501Y mutation is shared by the three main VOCs: B.1.1.7, first identified in the United Kingdom, P.1, originating from Brazil, and B.1.351, first described in South Africa. This mutation likely increases transmissibility by increasing affinity for ACEII. The B.1.351 and P.1 variants also display the E484K mutation which decreases binding of neutralizing antibodies, leading to partial immune escape; this favours reinfections, and decreases the in vitro efficacy of some antibody therapies or vaccines. Those mutations may also have phenotypical repercussions of greater severity. Furthermore, the accumulation of mutations poses a diagnostic risk (lowered when using multiplex assays), as seen for some assays targeting the S gene. With ongoing surveillance, many new VOC/Is have been identified. The emergence of the E484K mutation independently in different parts of the globe may reflect the adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to humans against a background of increasing immunity. Implications These VOC/Is are increasing in frequency globally and pose challenges to any herd immunity approach to managing the pandemic. While vaccination is ongoing, vaccine updates may be prudent. The virus continues to adapt to transmission in humans, and further divergence from the initial Wuhan sequences is expected. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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