Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years
| Autor: | Maximilian Larena, Ma. Junaliah Tuazon Kels, Kurt Lambeck, Jennelyn Reyes, Helena Malmström, Lahaina Sue Azarcon, Lucio Jamero, Alma Manera, Erwin Marte, Acram Latiph, Rodelio Linsahay Saway, Edison Molanida, Federico Sánchez-Quinto, Richard Dian Vilar, Jesus Christopher Salon, Phillip Endicott, Carlo Ebeo, Rudy Reveche, Erlinda Burton, Carina M. Schlebusch, Simon Y. W. Ho, Jun-Hun Loo, Lawrence A. Reid, Lena Granehäll, Rose Beatrix Cruz-Angeles, Fatima Pir Allian, Becky Barrios, Adrian Albano, Hanna Edlund, Gauden Sireg, A.I. Morales, Virgilio Mori, Ismael Java, Kim Pullupul Hagada, Mattias Jakobsson, Maria Shiela Labos, Jin-Yuan Huang, Per Sjödin, Renefe Manginsay-Tremedal, Jean A Trejaut, Ophelia Casel, Mário Vicente, Dennis Guilay, Rebecca Reyes, James McKenna, Celito Terando, Pablito Magbanua |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Human Migration Philippines Taiwan Ethnic group Negrito Indigenous Evolutionsbiologi 03 medical and health sciences Population Groups Human population genetics Humans East Asia Colonization Asia Southeastern History Ancient 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences Evolutionary Biology Multidisciplinary Human migration business.industry Genetic Drift 030305 genetics & heredity Australia Agriculture Oryza Genomics Biological Sciences Geography Austronesian human population genetics Anthropology Biological dispersal Ethnology Paddy field Female ISEA business |
| Zdroj: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Popis: | Significance A key link to understand human history in Island Southeast Asia is the Philippine archipelago and its poorly investigated genetic diversity. We analyzed the most comprehensive set of population-genomic data for the Philippines: 1,028 individuals covering 115 indigenous communities. We demonstrate that the Philippines were populated by at least five waves of human migration. The Cordillerans migrated into the Philippines prior to the arrival of rice agriculture, where some remain as the least admixed East Asians carrying an ancestry shared by all Austronesian-speaking populations, thereby challenging an exclusive out-of-Taiwan model of joint farming–language–people dispersal. Altogether, our findings portray the Philippines as a crucial gateway, with a multilayered history, that ultimately changed the genetic landscape of the Asia-Pacific region. Island Southeast Asia has recently produced several surprises regarding human history, but the region’s complex demography remains poorly understood. Here, we report ∼2.3 million genotypes from 1,028 individuals representing 115 indigenous Philippine populations and genome-sequence data from two ∼8,000-y-old individuals from Liangdao in the Taiwan Strait. We show that the Philippine islands were populated by at least five waves of human migration: initially by Northern and Southern Negritos (distantly related to Australian and Papuan groups), followed by Manobo, Sama, Papuan, and Cordilleran-related populations. The ancestors of Cordillerans diverged from indigenous peoples of Taiwan at least ∼8,000 y ago, prior to the arrival of paddy field rice agriculture in the Philippines ∼2,500 y ago, where some of their descendants remain to be the least admixed East Asian groups carrying an ancestry shared by all Austronesian-speaking populations. These observations contradict an exclusive “out-of-Taiwan” model of farming–language–people dispersal within the last four millennia for the Philippines and Island Southeast Asia. Sama-related ethnic groups of southwestern Philippines additionally experienced some minimal South Asian gene flow starting ∼1,000 y ago. Lastly, only a few lowlanders, accounting for |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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