Physical activity, calcium intake, and bone mineral content in children in The Netherlands
| Autor: | D. E. Grobbee, M. F. Q. Vandenbergh, A. Hofman, Jacqueline C.M. Witteman, S. A. Deman, W. T. Trouerbach |
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| Rok vydání: | 1995 |
| Předmět: |
Male
medicine.medical_specialty Bone density Epidemiology Cross-sectional study Physical fitness Physical exercise Decile Sex Factors Bruce protocol Bone Density Age Determination by Skeleton Statistical significance medicine Humans Child Exercise Netherlands business.industry Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Bone age Calcium Dietary Cross-Sectional Studies Physical Fitness Physical therapy Female business Research Article Demography |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 49:299-304 |
| ISSN: | 0143-005X |
| DOI: | 10.1136/jech.49.3.299 |
| Popis: | STUDY OBJECTIVE--To examine the relation between physical activity, calcium intake, and bone mineral content in children. DESIGN--Population based, cross sectional study. SETTING--Primary schools in Zoetermeer, The Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS--Altogether 1359 Dutch boys and girls, aged 7 to 11 years (response rate 88%). MEASUREMENTS--Bone mineral content was measured by quantitative roentgen microdensitometry of the midphalanx of the second digit at the diaphyseal and metaphyseal site. Maximal exercise testing, according to the Bruce treadmill protocol, was used to assess physical fitness. Habitual physical activity was assessed by use of a questionnaire on physical activities. Daily calcium intake from dairy products was estimated by use of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. MAIN RESULTS--Bone mineral content in boys was not linearly associated with physical fitness after adjustments for differences in height, body weight, chronological age, and skeletal age. In girls a linear association was found at the metaphyseal site only. When extreme groups were compared, bone mineral content was found to be higher in "high fitness children" (upper decile) than "low fitness children" (lowest decile), with statistical significance reached in boys only. When analyses were performed in subgroups of skeletal age, a clear linear relation between physical fitness and bone mineral content was seen in the mature subgroup in both boys and girls. No linear association was found between habitual physical activity and bone mineral content, while the results in extreme groups (that is, upper versus lowest decile) and in subgroups of skeletal age were comparable to those on physical fitness in boys only. No association was found between daily calcium intake and bone mineral content in this age group. CONCLUSIONS--This cross sectional study in children aged 7 to 11 years suggests that an increased bone mineral content is found only in those with a high level of physical activity. This association is most pronounced in the more mature children. No evidence was found for an association between daily calcium intake and bone mineral content in childhood. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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