Comparative assessment of spatial variability and trends of flows and sediments under the impact of climate change in the upper Indus basin

Autor: Ul Hussan, Waqas, Shahzad, Muhammed K., Seidel, Frank, Costa, Anna, Nestmann, Franz
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Zdroj: Water, 12 (3)
Water, 12 (3), Article No. 730
Water, Vol 12, Iss 3, p 730 (2020)
Water
Volume 12
Issue 3
ISSN: 2073-4441
DOI: 10.5445/ir/1000118842
Popis: Extensive research of the variability of flows under the impact of climate change has been conducted for the Upper Indus Basin (UIB). However, limited literature is available on the spatial distribution and trends of suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) in the sub-basins of UIB. This study covers the comparative assessment of flows and SSC trends measured at 13 stations in the UIB along with the variability of precipitation and temperatures possibly due to climate change for the past three decades. In the course of this period, the country&rsquo
s largest reservoir, Tarbela, on the Indus River was depleted rapidly due to heavy sediment influx from the UIB. Sediment management of existing storage and future planned hydraulic structures (to tap 30,000 MW in the region) depends on the correct assessment of SSC, their variation patterns, and trends. In this study, the SSC trends are determined along with trends of discharges, precipitation, and temperatures using the non-parametric Mann&ndash
Kendall test and Sen&rsquo
s slope estimator. The results reveal that the annual flows and SSC are in a balanced state for the Indus River at Besham Qila, whereas the SSC are significantly reduced ranging from 18.56%&ndash
28.20% per decade in the rivers of Gilgit at Alam Bridge, Indus at Kachura, and Brandu at Daggar. The SSC significantly increase ranging from 20.08%&ndash
40.72% per decade in the winter together with a significant increase of average air temperature. During summers, the SSC are decreased significantly ranging from 18.63%&ndash
27.79% per decade along with flows in the Hindukush and Western&ndash
Karakorum regions, which is partly due to the Karakorum climate anomaly, and in rainfall-dominated basins due to rainfall reduction. In Himalayan regions, the SSC are generally increased slightly during summers. These findings will be helpful for understanding the sediment trends associated with flow, precipitation, and temperature variations, and may be used for the operational management of current reservoirs and the design of several hydroelectric power plants that are planned for construction in the UIB.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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