Functional, anatomical and diffusion tensor MRI study of radiology expertise

Autor: Dan Ling Hsu, Syed H. Hussaini, Patricia Stefancin, Eric van Staalduinen, David Ouellette, Sindhuja T. Govindarajan, Timothy Q. Duong
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Male
Central Nervous System
Vision
Social Sciences
Audiology
Nervous System
Diagnostic Radiology
Lingual gyrus
0302 clinical medicine
Cognition
Learning and Memory
Parietal Lobe
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Medicine and Health Sciences
Psychology
Medical Personnel
Brain Mapping
Multidisciplinary
medicine.diagnostic_test
Radiology and Imaging
05 social sciences
Brain
Middle Aged
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Frontal Lobe
Professions
medicine.anatomical_structure
Medicine
Female
Sensory Perception
Occipital Lobe
Anatomy
Research Article
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
Imaging Techniques
Cognitive Neuroscience
Science
Central nervous system
Neuroimaging
Research and Analysis Methods
behavioral disciplines and activities
050105 experimental psychology
03 medical and health sciences
Diagnostic Medicine
Memory
Fractional anisotropy
Radiologists
medicine
Humans
0501 psychology and cognitive sciences
Working Memory
business.industry
Working memory
Biology and Life Sciences
Magnetic resonance imaging
Multiple comparisons problem
People and Places
Cognitive Science
Population Groupings
business
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Diffusion MRI
Neuroscience
Zdroj: PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 4, p e0231900 (2020)
PLoS ONE
ISSN: 1932-6203
Popis: BackgroundRepeated practice to acquire expertise could result in the structural and functional changes in relevant brain circuits as a result of long-term potentiation, neurogenesis, glial genesis, and remodeling.PurposeThe goal of this study is to use task fMRI to study the brain of expert radiologists performing a diagnosis task where a series of medical images were presented during fMRI acquisition for 12s and participants were asked to choose a diagnosis. Structural and diffusion-tensor MRI were also acquired.MethodsRadiologists (N = 12, 11M, 38.2±10.3 years old) and non-radiologists (N = 17, 15M, 30.6±5.5 years old) were recruited with informed consent. Medical images were presented for 12 s and three multiple choices were displayed and the participants were asked to choose a diagnosis. fMRI, structural and diffusion-tensor MRI were acquired. fMRI analysis used FSL to determine differences in fMRI responses between groups. Voxel-wise analysis was performed to determine if subcortical volume, cortical thickness and fractional anisotropy differed between groups. Correction for multiple comparisons used false discovery rate.ResultsRadiologists showed overall lower task-related brain activation than non-radiologists. Radiologists showed significantly lower activation in the left lateral occipital cortex, left superior parietal lobule, occipital pole, right superior frontal and precentral gyri, lingual gyrus, and the left intraparietal sulcus (p0.05).ConclusionsRadiologists and non-radiologists had no significant difference in structural metrics. However, in diagnosis tasks, radiologists showed markedly lower task-related brain activations overall as well as a number of high-order visual and non-visual brain regions than non-radiologists. Some brain circuits appear to be uniquely associated with differential-diagnosis paradigm expertise that are not involved in simpler object-recognition cases. Improved understanding of the brain circuitry involved in acquisition of expertise might be used to design optimal training paradigms.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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