Attribution of Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis Episodes and Emergency Department Visits to Norovirus Genogroups I and II
| Autor: | Stephen B. Freedman, Xiao-Li Pang, Samina Ali, Linda Chui, Otto G. Vanderkooi, Bonita E. Lee, Ran Zhuo, Gillian A.M. Tarr, Kelly Kim, Gillian Currie, Christine Michaels-Igbokwe, Shannon E. MacDonald, Judy MacDonald, Phillip I. Tarr |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Male
0301 basic medicine viruses medicine.disease_cause Alberta Feces fluids and secretions 0302 clinical medicine Epidemiology Immunology and Allergy 030212 general & internal medicine Child Caliciviridae Infections Aged 80 and over Molecular Epidemiology education.field_of_study Incidence Incidence (epidemiology) virus diseases Middle Aged Gastroenteritis 3. Good health Infectious Diseases Female Seasons medicine.symptom Emergency Service Hospital Adult medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent Genotype 030106 microbiology Population Asymptomatic Major Articles and Brief Reports Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences Pediatric emergency medicine Internal medicine medicine Humans education Aged business.industry Norovirus Emergency department digestive system diseases Case-Control Studies Attributable risk business |
| Zdroj: | J Infect Dis |
| ISSN: | 1537-6613 0022-1899 |
| Popis: | Background Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis. With vaccines in development, population-based estimates of norovirus burden are needed to identify target populations, quantify potential benefits, and understand disease dynamics. Methods We estimated the attributable fraction (AF) for norovirus infections in children, defined as the proportion of children testing positive for norovirus whose gastroenteritis was attributable to norovirus. We calculated the standardized incidence and emergency department (ED) visit rates attributable to norovirus using provincial gastroenteritis visit administrative data. Results From 3731 gastroenteritis case patients and 2135 controls we determined that the AFs were 67.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 31.5%–100%) and 91.6% (88.8%–94.4%) for norovirus genogroups I (GI) and II (GII), respectively. Norovirus GII AF varied by season but not age. We attributed 116 episodes (95% CI, 103–129) and 59 (51–67) ED visits per 10 000 child-years to norovirus GII across all ages, accounting for 20% and 18% of all medically attended gastroenteritis episodes and ED visits, respectively. Conclusions In children, a large proportion of norovirus GII detections reflect causation, demonstrating significant potential for norovirus GII vaccines. Seasonal variation in the norovirus GII AF may have implications for understanding the role asymptomatic carriage plays in disease dynamics. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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