A Review of Basic Energy Reconstruction Techniques in Liquid Xenon and Argon Detectors for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics Using NEST
Autor: | Andrew K. Schwartz, Emily A. Mangus, Michael Mooney, C. Levy, G.A. Block, Ekaterina S. Kozlova, Collin Farquhar, Justin Mueller, Matthew Szydagis, G. R. C. Rischbieter, Alexander J. Flesher |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors
Dark matter chemistry.chemical_element FOS: Physical sciences 01 natural sciences dark matter High Energy Physics - Experiment High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) Xenon neutrino physics 0103 physical sciences Neutron lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) 010306 general physics Instrumentation Axion Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) Nuclear Experiment energy reconstruction Physics Scintillation Argon 010308 nuclear & particles physics particle detectors lcsh:QC1-999 Computational physics xenon chemistry Weakly interacting massive particles argon lcsh:QC770-798 Neutrino Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics lcsh:Physics |
Zdroj: | Instruments, Vol 5, Iss 13, p 13 (2021) |
Popis: | Detectors based upon the noble elements, especially liquid xenon as well as liquid argon, as both single- and dual-phase types, require reconstruction of the energies of interacting particles, both in the field of direct detection of dark matter (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles or WIMPs, axions, etc.) and in neutrino physics. Experimentalists, as well as theorists who reanalyze/reinterpret experimental data, have used a few different techniques over the past few decades. In this paper, we review techniques based on solely the primary scintillation channel, the ionization or secondary channel available at non-zero drift electric fields, and combined techniques that include a simple linear combination and weighted averages, with a brief discussion of the applications of profile likelihood, maximum likelihood, and machine learning. Comparing results for electron recoils (beta and gamma interactions) and nuclear recoils (primarily from neutrons) from the Noble Element Simulation Technique (NEST) simulation to available data, we confirm that combining all available information generates higher-precision means, lower widths (energy resolution), and more symmetric shapes (approximately Gaussian) especially at keV-scale energies, with the symmetry even greater when thresholding is addressed. Near thresholds, bias from upward fluctuations matters. For MeV-GeV scales, if only one channel is utilized, an ionization-only-based energy scale outperforms scintillation; channel combination remains beneficial. We discuss here what major collaborations use. 42 Pages, 2 Tables, 11 Figures, 13 Equations |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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