Global satellite-observed daily vertical migrations of ocean animals

Autor: Scott C. Doney, Deborah K. Steinberg, David A. Siegel, Paula S Bontempi, Chris A. Hostetler, Philippe D. Tortell, Robert T. O'Malley, Michael J. Behrenfeld, Emmanuel Boss, Peter Gaube, William J. Burt, Alice Della Penna, Yongxiang Hu
Přispěvatelé: Oregon State University (OSU), Applied Physics Laboratory [Seattle] (APL-UW), University of Washington [Seattle], Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Vancouver] (UBC EOAS), University of British Columbia (UBC), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Earth Science Division, Science Mission Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters, Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), University of Maine - School of Marine Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s North Atlantic Aerosol and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) and EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) study. A.D.P. was supported by the Applied Physics Laboratory Science and Engineering Enrichment Development (SEED) fellowship. This project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement number 749591., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), NASA Headquarters, University of Maine, Earth Research Institute [Santa Barbara] (ERI), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California-University of California, University of California, University of Virginia [Charlottesville]
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
0106 biological sciences
zooplankton
equatorial pacific
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Mesopelagic zone
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
01 natural sciences
Zooplankton
diel variability
surface waters
Ocean gyre
14. Life underwater
Diel vertical migration
lidar
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Marine biology
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean
Atmosphere
geography
Biomass (ecology)
beam-attenuation
Multidisciplinary
geography.geographical_feature_category
010604 marine biology & hydrobiology
ACL
carbon
dynamics
Plankton
optical-properties
Oceanography
Productivity (ecology)
13. Climate action
beam-attenuation
diel variability
ACL
dynamics
carbon
equatorial pacific
optical-properties
surface waters
zooplankton
adaptive significance
lidar
[SDE]Environmental Sciences
Environmental science
[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
adaptive significance
Zdroj: Nature
Nature, 2019, 576 (7786), pp.257-261. ⟨10.1038/s41586-019-1796-9⟩
Nature (0028-0836) (Springer Science and Business Media LLC), 2019-12, Vol. 576, N. 7786, P. 257-261
Nature, Nature Publishing Group, 2019, 576 (7786), pp.257-261. ⟨10.1038/s41586-019-1796-9⟩
ISSN: 0028-0836
1476-4687
1476-4679
Popis: Every night across the world’s oceans, numerous marine animals arrive at the surface of the ocean to feed on plankton after an upward migration of hundreds of metres. Just before sunrise, this migration is reversed and the animals return to their daytime residence in the dark mesopelagic zone (at a depth of 200–1,000 m). This daily excursion, referred to as diel vertical migration (DVM), is thought of primarily as an adaptation to avoid visual predators in the sunlit surface layer1,2 and was first recorded using ship-net hauls nearly 200 years ago3. Nowadays, DVMs are routinely recorded by ship-mounted acoustic systems (for example, acoustic Doppler current profilers). These data show that night-time arrival and departure times are highly conserved across ocean regions4 and that daytime descent depths increase with water clarity4,5, indicating that animals have faster swimming speeds in clearer waters4. However, after decades of acoustic measurements, vast ocean areas remain unsampled and places for which data are available typically provide information for only a few months, resulting in an incomplete understanding of DVMs. Addressing this issue is important, because DVMs have a crucial role in global ocean biogeochemistry. Night-time feeding at the surface and daytime metabolism of this food at depth provide an efficient pathway for carbon and nutrient export6–8. Here we use observations from a satellite-mounted light-detection-and-ranging (lidar) instrument to describe global distributions of an optical signal from DVM animals that arrive in the surface ocean at night. Our findings reveal that these animals generally constitute a greater fraction of total plankton abundance in the clear subtropical gyres, consistent with the idea that the avoidance of visual predators is an important life strategy in these regions. Total DVM biomass, on the other hand, is higher in more productive regions in which the availability of food is increased. Furthermore, the 10-year satellite record reveals significant temporal trends in DVM biomass and correlated variations in DVM biomass and surface productivity. These results provide a detailed view of DVM activities globally and a path for refining the quantification of their biogeochemical importance. Satellite-derived analysis of daily vertical migrations of ocean animals shows that the relative abundance and total biomass of these animals differ between different regions globally, depending on the availability of food and necessity to avoid predators.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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