Permittivity of waste-activated sludge by an open-ended coaxial line
| Autor: | Jake S. Bobowski, Thomas Johnson, and Cigdem Eskicioglu |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Permittivity
Materials science 020209 energy Analytical chemistry Relative permittivity FOS: Physical sciences 02 engineering and technology Physics - Applied Physics Applied Physics (physics.app-ph) 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Spectral line Electronic Optical and Magnetic Materials Activated sludge Membrane 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering Bound water Dispersion (chemistry) Water content 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
| DOI: | 10.48550/arxiv.2008.01210 |
| Popis: | The complex permittivity of thickened waste activated sludge (WAS) was measured from 3 MHz to 40 GHz. The solid content of the thickened WAS sample was varied from 4.5% to 18% by weight. The permittivity spectra exhibit features typical of biological tissues that have a high water content. At high frequencies, a Debye-type dispersion is observed with a relaxation rate of 19 GHz characteristic of the bulk water in the sample ($\gamma$-dispersion). At lower frequencies, the solid content of the samples determines the properties of the permittivity. The onset of the so-called $\beta$-dispersion, attributed to the charging of cell membranes, occurs between 10-100 MHz. For samples with higher solid concentrations, a weak dispersion of the real part of the permittivity, characteristic of bound water, was observed at intermediate frequencies ($\delta$-dispersion). Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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