The effect of smoking on chronic inflammation, immune function and blood cell composition
| Autor: | Ingrid Elisia, Gerald Krystal, Luke Bu, William Jia, Vivian Lam, Brandon Cho, Nancy Norton, Michelle Yeung, Michael Yu Li, Stephen Lam, Mariah Hay |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Male Chemokine Immunology lcsh:Medicine Inflammation Adaptive Immunity Fibrinogen Article Proinflammatory cytokine Blood cell 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Immune system medicine Humans lcsh:Science Lung cancer Whole blood Aged Cancer Multidisciplinary biology business.industry Interleukin-6 lcsh:R Smoking Middle Aged medicine.disease Immunity Innate Blood Cell Count Carcinoembryonic Antigen 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure C-Reactive Protein Risk factors 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Chronic Disease biology.protein Cytokines lcsh:Q Female medicine.symptom business Biomarkers medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Scientific Reports Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 2045-2322 |
| Popis: | Smoking is the number one risk factor for cancer mortality but only 15–20% of heavy smokers develop lung cancer. It would, therefore, be of great benefit to identify those at high risk early on so that preventative measures can be initiated. To investigate this, we evaluated the effects of smoking on inflammatory markers, innate and adaptive immune responses to bacterial and viral challenges and blood cell composition. We found that plasma samples from 30 heavy smokers (16 men and 14 women) had significantly higher CRP, fibrinogen, IL-6 and CEA levels than 36 non-smoking controls. Whole blood samples from smokers, incubated for 7 h at 37 °C in the absence of any exogenous stimuli, secreted significantly higher levels of IL-8 and a number of other cytokines/chemokines than non-smokers. When challenged for 7 h with E. coli, whole blood samples from smokers secreted significantly lower levels of many inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. However, when stimulated with HSV-1, significantly higher levels of both PGE2 and many cytokines/chemokines were secreted from smokers’ blood samples than from controls. In terms of blood cell composition, red blood cells, hematocrits, hemoglobin levels, MCV, MCH, MCHC, Pct and RDW levels were all elevated in smokers, in keeping with their compromised lung capacity. As well, total leukocytes were significantly higher, driven by increases in granulocytes and monocytes. In addition, smokers had lower NK cells and higher Tregs than controls, suggesting that smoking may reduce the ability to kill nascent tumor cells. Importantly, there was substantial person-to person variation amongst smokers with some showing markedly different values from controls and others showing normal levels of many parameters measured, indicating the former may be at significantly higher risk of developing lung cancer. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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