The hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone over Cu-ZrO2 catalysts prepared by a pH-gradient methodology
| Autor: | Igor Orlowski, Jun Hirayama, Mark Douthwaite, James Hayward, Peter J. Miedziak, Graham J. Hutchings, David J. Morgan, David J. Willock, Jonathan K. Bartley, Thomas E. Davies, Sarwat Iqbal |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Valerolactone
Materials science Energy Engineering and Power Technology 02 engineering and technology 010402 general chemistry 01 natural sciences Catalysis Metal chemistry.chemical_compound X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Electrochemistry Ph gradient Levulinic acid biology Active site 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Highly selective 0104 chemical sciences Fuel Technology Chemical engineering chemistry visual_art biology.protein visual_art.visual_art_medium 0210 nano-technology Energy (miscellaneous) |
| ISSN: | 2095-4956 |
| Popis: | A novel pH gradient methodology was used to synthesise a series of Cu–ZrO2 catalysts containing different quantities of Cu and Zr. All of the catalysts were highly selective to the desired product, γ-valerolactone, and are considerably more stable than Cu–ZrO2 catalysts prepared by other co-precipitation methods for this reaction. Characterisation and further investigation of these catalysts by XRD, BET, SEM and XPS provided insight into the nature of the catalytic active site and the physicochemical properties that lead to catalyst stability. We consider the active site to be the interface between Cu/CuOx and ZrOx and that lattice Cu species assist with the dispersion of surface Cu through the promotion of a strong metal support interaction. This enhanced understanding of the active site and roles of lattice and surface Cu will assist with future catalyst design. As such, we conclude that the activity of Cu–ZrO2 catalysts in this reaction is dictated by the quantity of Cu–Zr interface sites. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full Text from ScienceDirect