Wind Speed and Sea State Dependencies of Air-Sea Gas Transfer: Results From the High Wind Speed Gas Exchange Study (HiWinGS)
| Autor: | J. E. Hare, John Prytherch, Ludovic Bariteau, Robin W. Pascal, Helen Czerski, Ian M. Brooks, A. Matei, Byron Blomquist, Barry J. Huebert, Christopher W. Fairall, Mingxi Yang, Christopher J. Zappa, Sophia E. Brumer |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Meteorology 010505 oceanography Turbulence Eddy covariance Breaking wave Wind stress Sea state Oceanography Atmospheric sciences 01 natural sciences Wind speed Geophysics Wind profile power law 13. Climate action Space and Planetary Science Geochemistry and Petrology Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) 14. Life underwater Intensity (heat transfer) Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
| ISSN: | 2169-9291 |
| Popis: | A variety of physical mechanisms are jointly responsible for facilitating air-sea gas transfer through turbulent processes at the atmosphere-ocean interface. The nature and relative importance of these mechanisms evolves with increasing wind speed. Theoretical and modeling approaches are advancing, but the limited quantity of observational data at high wind speeds hinders the assessment of these efforts. The HiWinGS project successfully measured gas transfer coefficients (k660) with coincident wave statistics under conditions with hourly mean wind speeds up to 24 m s−1 and significant wave heights to 8 m. Measurements of k660 for carbon dioxide (CO2) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) show an increasing trend with respect to 10-meter neutral wind speed (U10N), following a power-law relationship of the form: math formula and math formula. Among seven high wind speed events, CO2 transfer responded to the intensity of wave breaking, which depended on both wind speed and sea state in a complex manner, with k660 co2 increasing as the wind sea approaches full development. A similar response is not observed for DMS. These results confirm the importance of breaking waves and bubble injection mechanisms in facilitating CO2 transfer. A modified version of the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment Gas transfer algorithm (COAREG ver. 3.5), incorporating a sea state-dependent calculation of bubble-mediated transfer, successfully reproduces the mean trend in observed k660 with wind speed for both gases. Significant suppression of gas transfer by large waves was not observed during HiWinGS, in contrast to results from two prior field programs. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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