Causal associations between urinary sodium with body mass, shape and composition: a Mendelian randomization study
Autor: | Bernard M.Y. Cheung, Ching-Lung Cheung, Yue Fei, Qi Feng, Qian Yang, Shuai Yuan, Yingchang Lu, Gloria H.Y. Li, Man Fung Tsoi, Ruth J. F. Loos |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Male medicine.medical_specialty lcsh:Medicine 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Article Body Mass Index 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Medical research Weight loss Internal medicine Statistical significance Mendelian randomization medicine Humans Obesity Salt intake lcsh:Science Multidisciplinary business.industry Waist-Hip Ratio Confounding Sodium lcsh:R Mendelian Randomization Analysis Confidence interval Causality 030104 developmental biology Endocrinology Phenotype Risk factors Body Composition Female lcsh:Q medicine.symptom Female body shape business Body mass index Genome-Wide Association Study Glomerular Filtration Rate |
Zdroj: | Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2020) Scientific Reports |
ISSN: | 2045-2322 |
Popis: | Observational studies have found associations between urinary sodium (UNa) with obesity, body shape and composition; but the findings may be biased by residual confounding. The objective of this two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was to analyze their causal associations in both sex-combined and sex-specific models. Genome-wide association studies of UNa, body mass index (BMI), BMI-adjusted waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body fat (BF) percentage and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were identified. We initially extracted fifty SNPs associated with UNa at significance level of 5 × 10–8, but further removed those SNPs with potential horizontal pleiotropy. Univariable and multivariable MR with adjustment for eGFR were performed. Inverse-variance weighted MR was performed as the primary analysis, with MR-Egger methods as sensitivity analysis. The potential bidirectional association between BMI and UNa was investigated. All exposure and outcomes were continuous, and the effect measure was regression coefficients (beta) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The total sample size was up to 322 154. UNa was causally associated with increased BMI in both men [eGFR-adjusted beta 0.443 (0.163–0.724)] and women [0.594 (0.333–0.855)]. UNa caused BF percentage increase in men [0.622 (0.268–0.976)] and women [0.334 (0.007–0.662)]. UNa significantly elevated BMI-adjusted WHR in men [0.321 (0.094–0.548)], but not in women [0.170 (− 0.052 to 0.391)]. Additionally, we found that BMI causally increased UNa [0.043 (0.023–0.063)]. UNa increased BMI and BF percentage. Salt intake affects male body shape by increasing BMI-adjusted WHR, but showed no effects on female body shape. The bidirectional association between BMI and UNa suggested that salt reduction measures and weight reduction measures should be implemented simultaneously to break the vicious cycle and gain more health benefits. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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