Gene-gene, gene-environment, gene-nutrient interactions and single nucleotide polymorphisms of inflammatory cytokines
| Autor: | Ghulam Mustafa Lodhi, Sadaf Mumtaz, Abdul Khaliq Naveed, Amina Nadeem, Muhammad Muaaz Aslam, Arif Siddiqui, Tausif Ahmad |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Genetics
Adiponectin endocrine system diseases business.industry Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus nutritional and metabolic diseases Single-nucleotide polymorphism Minireviews Proinflammatory cytokine Lipotoxicity Immunology Gene expression Internal Medicine Medicine Resistin business Gene |
| Zdroj: | World journal of diabetes. 6(4) |
| ISSN: | 1948-9358 |
| Popis: | Inflammation plays a significant role in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The rise in the pro-inflammatory cytokines is the essential step in glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity induced mitochondrial injury, oxidative stress and beta cell apoptosis in T2DM. Among the recognized markers are interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, IL-10, IL-18, tissue necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein, resistin, adiponectin, tissue plasminogen activator, fibrinogen and heptoglobins. Diabetes mellitus has firm genetic and very strong environmental influence; exhibiting a polygenic mode of inheritance. Many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various genes including those of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines have been reported as a risk for T2DM. Not all the SNPs have been confirmed by unifying results in different studies and wide variations have been reported in various ethnic groups. The inter-ethnic variations can be explained by the fact that gene expression may be regulated by gene-gene, gene-environment and gene-nutrient interactions. This review highlights the impact of these interactions on determining the role of single nucleotide polymorphism of IL-6, TNF-α, resistin and adiponectin in pathogenesis of T2DM. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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