Health at the Sub-catchment Scale: Typhoid and Its Environmental Determinants in Central Division, Fiji
Autor: | Kim Mulholland, Alanieta Naucukidi, Pierre Horwitz, Ute Mueller, Richard A. Strugnell, Mike Kama, Stacy D. Jupiter, Varanisese Rosa, Adam Jenney, Gandercillar Vosaki, Aaron Jenkins |
---|---|
Rok vydání: | 2016 |
Předmět: |
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Environmental change Floodplain Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis 030231 tropical medicine 01 natural sciences Risk Assessment Typhoid fever Deposition (geology) 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Rivers medicine Riparian forest Fiji Humans Typhoid Fever 0105 earth and related environmental sciences geography geography.geographical_feature_category Ecology Paratyphoid fever Salmonella typhi medicine.disease Animal ecology Public Health Rural area |
Zdroj: | EcoHealth. 13(4) |
ISSN: | 1612-9210 |
Popis: | The impact of environmental change on transmission patterns of waterborne enteric diseases is a major public health concern. This study concerns the burden and spatial nature of enteric fever, attributable to Salmonella Typhi infection in the Central Division, Republic of Fiji at a sub-catchment scale over 30-months (2013–2015). Quantitative spatial analysis suggested relationships between environmental conditions of sub-catchments and incidence and recurrence of typhoid fever. Average incidence per inhabited sub-catchment for the Central Division was high at 205.9/100,000, with cases recurring in each calendar year in 26% of sub-catchments. Although the numbers of cases were highest within dense, urban coastal sub-catchments, the incidence was highest in low-density mountainous rural areas. Significant environmental determinants at this scale suggest increased risk of exposure where sediment yields increase following runoff. The study suggests that populations living on large systems that broaden into meandering mid-reaches and floodplains with alluvial deposition are at a greater risk compared to small populations living near small, erosional, high-energy headwaters and small streams unconnected to large hydrological networks. This study suggests that anthropogenic alteration of land cover and hydrology (particularly via fragmentation of riparian forest and connectivity between road and river networks) facilitates increased transmission of typhoid fever and that environmental transmission of typhoid fever is important in Fiji. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
Externí odkaz: |