The liver and the kidney: two critical organs influencing the atherothrombotic risk in metabolic syndrome
| Autor: | Federico Carbone, Fabrizio Montecucco, François Mach, Francesca Viazzi, Roberto Pontremoli |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
Biological Markers/metabolism
Adipose tissue Disease 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology Kidney Kidney/metabolism/pathology chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty Liver/epidemiology Metabolic Syndrome ddc:616 Fatty liver Cytokines/metabolism Hematology 3. Good health medicine.anatomical_structure Liver Cytokines 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology Inflammation Mediators Risk medicine.medical_specialty Metabolic Syndrome X/epidemiology/immunology 03 medical and health sciences Insulin resistance Thrombosis/epidemiology/immunology Internal medicine medicine Animals Humans Renal Insufficiency Chronic Atherosclerosis/epidemiology/immunology Renal Insufficiency Chronic/epidemiology Liver/metabolism/pathology business.industry Thrombosis medicine.disease Atherosclerosis Fatty Liver Endocrinology chemistry Inflammation Mediators/metabolism Uric acid Metabolic syndrome Insulin Resistance business Biomarkers Kidney disease |
| Zdroj: | Thrombosis and Haemostasis; Vol 110 Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Vol. 110, No 5 (2013) pp. 940-958 Thrombosis and Haemostasis Thrombosis and haemostasis |
| ISSN: | 0340-6245 |
| DOI: | 10.1160/TH13-06-0499 |
| Popis: | SummaryThe increased atherothrombotic risk in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been classically explained by the multiplicative effect of systemic concomitant pro-atherosclerotic factors. In particular, centripetal obesity, dyslipidaemia, glucose intolerance, hypertension (differently combined in the diagnosis of the disease) would be expected to act as classical cardiovascular risk conditions underlying accelerated atherogenesis. In order to better understand specific atherosclerotic pathophysiology in MetS, emerging evidence focused on the alterations in different organs that could serve as both pathophysiological targets and active players in the disease. Abnormalities in adipose tissue, heart and arteries have been widely investigated in a variety of basic research and clinical studies in MetS. In this narrative review, we focus on pathophysiological activities of the liver and kidney. Considering its key role in metabolism and production of soluble inflammatory mediators (such as C-reactive protein [CRP]), the liver in MetS has been shown to be altered both in its structure and function. In particular, a relevant amount of the fat accumulated within this organ has been shown to be associated with different degrees of inflammation and potential insulin resistance. In humans, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been described as the hepatic manifestation of MetS. In an analogous manner, epidemiological evidence strongly suggested a “guilty“ association between MetS and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Some biomarkers of hepatic (such as C-reactive protein, TNF-alpha or other cytokines) and renal diseases (such as uric acid) associated with MetS might be particularly useful to better manage and prevent the atherothrombotic risk. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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