Smoking in young adulthood among African Americans: Interconnected effects of supportive parenting in early adolescence, proinflammatory epitype, and young adult stress
| Autor: | Robert A. Philibert, Jelani Mandara, Steven R. H. Beach, Gregory E. Miller, Man-Kit Lei, Gene H. Brody, Edith Chen |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Risk Rural Population Georgia Adolescent Early adolescence Article Proinflammatory cytokine 03 medical and health sciences Young Adult 0302 clinical medicine Developmental and Educational Psychology Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Young adult Child First pathway African american Inflammation Parenting Second pathway Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Smoking DNA Methylation Black or African American Psychiatry and Mental health Increased risk Female Psychology 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Stress Psychological Clinical psychology |
| Zdroj: | Development and psychopathology. 29(3) |
| ISSN: | 1469-2198 |
| Popis: | We examined two potentially interacting, connected pathways by which parental supportiveness during early adolescence (ages 1–13) may come to be associated with later African American young adult smoking. The first pathway is between parental supportiveness and young adult stress (age 19), with stress, in turn, predicting increased smoking at age 20. The second pathway is between supportive parenting and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene methylation (i.e., TNFm), a proinflammatory epitype, with low levels indicating greater inflammatory potential and forecasting increased risk for smoking in response to young adult stress. In a sample of 382 African American youth residing in rural Georgia, followed from early adolescence (age 10–11) to young adulthood (age 20), supportive parenting indirectly predicted smoking via associations with young adult stress, IE = –0.071, 95% confidence interval [–0.132, –0.010]. In addition, supportive parenting was associated with TNFm measured at age 20 (r = .177, p = .001). Further, lower TNFm was associated with a significantly steeper slope (b = 0.583, p = .003) of increased smoking in response to young adult stress compared to those with higher TNFm (b = 0.155, p = .291), indicating an indirect, amplifying role for supportive parenting via TNFm. The results suggest that supportive parenting in early adolescence may play a role in understanding the emergence of smoking in young adulthood. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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