Investigation of Short-term Variations in Term Breast Milk Composition during Repeated Breast Expression Sessions
| Autor: | Naomi Trengove, Sadaf Khan, Peter E. Hartmann, Ching Tat Lai, Anna R. Hepworth, Danielle K. Prime |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male medicine.medical_specialty Breastfeeding Breast milk chemistry.chemical_compound Animal science Internal medicine medicine Humans Lactose Milk Human business.industry Breast Milk Expression Nutritional Requirements Infant Obstetrics and Gynecology Total dissolved solids Endocrinology Electric breast pump chemistry Energy density Female Composition (visual arts) Energy Intake business |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Human Lactation. 29:196-204 |
| ISSN: | 1552-5732 0890-3344 |
| DOI: | 10.1177/0890334412470213 |
| Popis: | Background: Breast milk composition can be affected by several factors, and it can exhibit short-term (weekly) variations. Investigating variations in breast milk composition is important to accurately estimate nutrient requirements of the infant. Objective: To investigate short-term changes in breast milk composition between left and right breasts, over a 3-week period within the first 6 months of lactation. Methods: The left and right breasts of the mothers of healthy, term infants (n = 23) were simultaneously expressed with an electric breast pump for 15 minutes, on 3 occasions within 3 weeks. Milk samples (5 mL) were collected from the total expression volume of each breast at each session. The macronutrient contents, total solids, and energy content were determined using a mid-infrared human milk analyzer. Mothers (n = 17) measured their 24-hour milk production, and the average 24-hour fat contents were also determined. Results: Over the 3 weekly sessions, no significant changes were found in macronutrient contents. On average, total solids ( P = .04) and energy ( P = .04) decreased by week 3 of follow-up sessions from 14 to 13 g/100 mL and from 82 to 76 Kcal/100 mL, respectively; however, these changes became insignificant when expression volume was taken into account. The macronutrient concentration was similar for the left and right breasts; however, milk composition varied markedly between mothers. Furthermore, average 24-hour fat content was significantly lower than the mean fat content from a single expression session ( P < .01). Conclusion: Our findings highlight that when determining the nutritional adequacy of a mother’s milk, assuming an average concentration requires caution. The study findings illustrate the importance of using average 24-hour fat content of milk to obtain representative measures of infant energy intake. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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