Morphologic alterations of the genital mesentery implicated in testis non-descent in rats prenatally exposed to flutamide
| Autor: | Christos Salakos, Petros Mirilas, Alkiviadis Kostakis, Anastasia Mentessidou, George P. Chrousos, Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Offspring medicine.drug_class Urology Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Genitalia Male Antiandrogen Flutamide Rats Sprague-Dawley chemistry.chemical_compound Endocrinology Pregnancy Cryptorchidism medicine Animals Mesentery Gubernaculum business.industry Suspensory ligament Vas deferens Anatomy medicine.anatomical_structure Reproductive Medicine chemistry Ligament Androgens Female business |
| Zdroj: | AndrologyREFERENCES. 9(1) |
| ISSN: | 2047-2927 |
| Popis: | BACKGROUND There is an endless debate on whether androgens mediate testis descent through developmental changes in the gubernacular or the cranial suspensory ligament. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation of any possible morphologic changes in the genital mesentery, that is, the system of genital peritoneal folds including the gubernacular and cranial suspensory ligaments, with the event of testis non-descent in rats prenatally exposed to the antiandrogen flutamide. MATERIALS AND METHODS Time-pregnant Sprague Dawley rats received flutamide (100 mg/kg/d) or vehicle subcutaneously on gestational days 16-17. Flutamide-treated male offspring (n = 67), and vehicle-treated male (n = 34) and female (n = 28) offspring were surgically explored under microscope on postnatal day 50. Testicular position was examined bilaterally. Dimensions of genital mesentery parts were also assessed bilaterally. Association of flutamide-induced morphologic changes with descended (n = 61) and undescended (n = 50; 33 cryptorchid and 17 ectopic) testes was investigated with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The male genital mesentery comprised a cranial and a caudal fold converging on the vas deferens. Flutamide resulted in enlarged cranial and reduced caudal folds. Of all flutamide-induced alterations, the increased length of the posterior fixation of the cranial fold and the decreased length of the gubernacular ligament of the caudal fold were found to independently increase the odds of testis non-descent. Testicular ectopy, unlike cryptorchidism, was associated with a short gubernacular ligament only. The female genital mesentery consisted of a cranial fold only. CONCLUSION Our findings showed a combined contribution of both cranial and caudal folds of the genital mesentery to testis non-descent, through an abnormally long mesentery root and an abnormally short gubernacular ligament, respectively. Inhibition of male-specific development of the genital mesentery with flutamide did not result in a feminized architecture. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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