Staphylococcus aureus in Intensive Pig Production in South Africa: Antibiotic Resistance, Virulence Determinants, and Clonality
| Autor: | Sabiha Y. Essack, Linda A. Bester, Daniel G. Amoako, Akebe Luther King Abia, Ncomeka Sineke, Jonathan Asante, Keith Perrett |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Microbiology (medical) Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic resistance medicine.drug_class 030106 microbiology Antibiotics lcsh:Medicine Virulence MRSA Biology medicine.disease_cause molecular epidemiology Article Microbiology South Africa 03 medical and health sciences Antibiotic resistance multidrug resistance pig production chain medicine Immunology and Allergy foodborne pathogens Molecular Biology General Immunology and Microbiology SCCmec lcsh:R Clindamycin genetic diversity Multiple drug resistance 030104 developmental biology Infectious Diseases Amikacin virulence determinants medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Pathogens Volume 10 Issue 3 Pathogens, Vol 10, Iss 317, p 317 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2076-0817 |
| Popis: | Although Staphylococcus aureus is a major threat to the veterinary, agricultural, and public health sectors because of its zoonotic potential, studies on its molecular characterisation in intensive animal production are rare. We phenotypically and genotypically characterised antibiotic-resistant S. aureus in intensive pig production in South Africa, using the farm-to-fork approach. Samples (n = 461) were collected from the farm, transport vehicles, and the abattoir using the World Health Organisation on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (WHO-AGISAR) sampling protocol. Bacteria were isolated using selective media and identified using biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Phenotypic resistance was determined using the disk diffusion method. Selected resistance and virulence genes were investigated using PCR. Clonality among the isolates was determined using the repetitive element sequence-PCR. In all, 333 presumptive staphylococcal isolates were obtained, with 141/333 (42.3%) identified as staphylococci biochemically. Ninety-seven (97 68.8%) were confirmed as S. aureus using PCR, 52.6% of which were identified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) through the mecA gene. All the 97 S. aureus isolates (100%) were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested, with the highest resistance observed against erythromycin and clindamycin (84.50% each), and the lowest observed against amikacin (2.10%) 82.47% (80/97) were multidrug-resistant with an average multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.50. Most of the phenotypically resistant isolates carried at least one of the corresponding resistance genes tested, ermC being the most detected. hla was the most detected virulence gene (38.14%) and etb was the least (1.03%). Genetic fingerprinting revealed diverse MRSA isolates along the farm-to-fork continuum, the major REP types consisting of isolates from different sources suggesting a potential transmission along the continuum. Resistance to antibiotics used as growth promoters was evidenced by the high prevalence of MDR isolates with elevated multiple antibiotic resistance indices > 0.2, specifically at the farm, indicating exposure to high antibiotic use environments, necessitating antibiotic stewardship and proper infection control measures in pig husbandry and intensive pig production. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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