Forebrain Acetylcholine Modulates Isoflurane and Ketamine Anesthesia in Adult Mice
| Autor: | L. Stan Leung, Liangwei Chu, Marco A. M. Prado, Vania F. Prado |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Article Mice 03 medical and health sciences Prosencephalon 0302 clinical medicine 030202 anesthesiology Vesicular acetylcholine transporter Animals Medicine Ketamine Cholinergic neuron Mice Knockout Basal forebrain Isoflurane business.industry Acetylcholine Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Anesthesia Anesthetics Inhalation Models Animal Anesthetic Forebrain Cholinergic business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Anesthesiology |
| ISSN: | 1528-1175 0003-3022 |
| DOI: | 10.1097/aln.0000000000003713 |
| Popis: | Background Cholinergic drugs are known to modulate general anesthesia, but anesthesia responses in acetylcholine-deficient mice have not been studied. It was hypothesized that mice with genetic deficiency of forebrain acetylcholine show increased anesthetic sensitivity to isoflurane and ketamine and decreased gamma-frequency brain activity. Methods Male adult mice with heterozygous knockdown of vesicular acetylcholine transporter in the brain or homozygous knockout of the transporter in the basal forebrain were compared with wild-type mice. Hippocampal and frontal cortical electrographic activity and righting reflex were studied in response to isoflurane and ketamine doses. Results The loss-of-righting-reflex dose for isoflurane was lower in knockout (mean ± SD, 0.76 ± 0.08%, n = 18, P = 0.005) but not knockdown (0.78 ± 0.07%, n = 24, P = 0.021), as compared to wild-type mice (0.83 ± 0.07%, n = 23), using a significance criterion of P = 0.017 for three planned comparisons. Loss-of-righting-reflex dose for ketamine was lower in knockout (144 ± 39 mg/kg, n = 14, P = 0.006) but not knockdown (162 ± 32 mg/kg, n = 20, P = 0.602) as compared to wild-type mice (168 ± 24 mg/kg, n = 21). Hippocampal high-gamma (63 to 100 Hz) power after isoflurane was significantly lower in knockout and knockdown mice compared to wild-type mice (isoflurane-dose and mouse-group interaction effect, F[8,56] = 2.87, P = 0.010; n = 5 to 6 mice per group). Hippocampal high-gamma power after ketamine was significantly lower in both knockout and knockdown mice when compared to wild-type mice (interaction effect F[2,13] = 6.06, P = 0.014). The change in frontal cortical gamma power with isoflurane or ketamine was not statistically different among knockout, knockdown, and wild-type mice. Conclusions These findings suggest that forebrain cholinergic neurons modulate behavioral sensitivity and hippocampal gamma activity during isoflurane and ketamine anesthesia. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|