Immune function trade-offs in response to parasite threats
| Autor: | Adam H. Quade, Robin W. Warne, Anthony J. Zera, Lucas J. Kirschman |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Cellular immunity Physiology animal diseases Population chemical and pharmacologic phenomena Biology 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Micrococcus Gryllidae 03 medical and health sciences Immune system Polyphenism Stress Physiological Immunity Animals Wings Animal education Immunity Cellular education.field_of_study Disruptive selection biochemical phenomena metabolism and nutrition Phenotype Immunity Humoral 030104 developmental biology Insect Science Immunology bacteria Biological dispersal Female Muramidase |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Insect Physiology. 98:199-204 |
| ISSN: | 0022-1910 |
| Popis: | Immune function is often involved in physiological trade-offs because of the energetic costs of maintaining constitutive immunity and mounting responses to infection. However, immune function is a collection of discrete immunity factors and animals should allocate towards factors that combat the parasite threat with the highest fitness cost. For example, animals on dispersal fronts of expanding population may be released from density-dependent diseases. The costs of immunity, however, and life history trade-offs in general, are often context dependent. Trade-offs are often most apparent under conditions of unusually limited resources or when animals are particularly stressed, because the stress response can shift priorities. In this study we tested how humoral and cellular immune factors vary between phenotypes of a wing dimorphic cricket and how physiological stress influences these immune factors. We measured constitutive lysozyme activity, a humoral immune factor, and encapsulation response, a cellular immune factor. We also stressed the crickets with a sham predator in a full factorial design. We found that immune strategy could be explained by the selective pressures encountered by each morph and that stress decreased encapsulation, but not lysozyme activity. These results suggest a possible trade-off between humoral and cellular immunity. Given limited resources and the expense of immune factors, parasite pressures could play a key factor in maintaining insect polyphenism via disruptive selection. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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