Contributions of Landscape Sciences to the Development of Environmental Security
| Autor: | Giovanni Zurlini, Felix Müller, Irene Petrosillo, Bai-Lian Li, William G. Kepner, Kinga Krauze, K. Bruce Jones, Sergey Victorov |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | PETROSILLO I., MÜLLER F., JONES K.B., ZURLINI G., KRAUZE K., VICTOROV S., LI B.-L. KEPNER W.G., Müller, F., JONES K., B, Krauze, K, Li, B. L., Victorov, S., Petrosillo, Irene, Zurlini, Giovanni, Kepner, W. G. |
| Rok vydání: | 2007 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental security
Economic growth media_common.quotation_subject landscape assessment Security studies Natural resource ecosystem service Scarcity Political science Economic security Development economics International security Environmental degradation environmental security Corporate security media_common |
| Zdroj: | Use of Landscape Sciences for the Assessment of Environmental Security ISBN: 9781402065880 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/978-1-4020-6594-1_1 |
| Popis: | determinant of security, especially given the emergence of new political, economic, social, and environmental challenges since the end of the cold war. The relationship between environment and security now is a common interest among both the scientific and policymaking communities, supported by the fact that the traditional security concepts based on territorial integrity and political sovereignty have been revisited following the changes in the geopolitical landscape at the end of the last century. Security generally is related to both a perception of freedom from risk and freedom from anxiety or fear. Security aims at providing expected services, safety, and protecting valuable assets from harm, even during times of increased threat or risk. Security is achieved through both prospective (preventative) and retrospective (mitigation) actions on the part of governments, agencies, and people. Perceptions of security by individuals, communities, and societies are strongly linked to human well-being and to the satisfaction of the population. The notion of environmental security has been historically linked to inter-national conflicts caused by environmental degradation, e.g. through overuse of renewable resources, pollution, or impoverishment in the space of living (Tuchel, 2004; Herrero, 2006; Liotta, 2006). In this context, the concept of environmental security has been developed mainly by international policy researchers and has focused on the role of the scarcity of renewable resources such as cropland, forests, water, and fish stocks. Statistical data demonstrate that agriculture and natural resource availability plays an important role in many events of acute violence, which often occur in rural areas (De Soysa et al., 1999). Therefore, attention has been devoted to the theoretical analysis of possible pathways that lead to loss of environmental security, beginning with scarcity and leading to outbreaks of violence. Thus, environmental security has been discussed as a concept of international security policy (Brauch, 2006). This debate began in the late 1980s and has been quite intense. Recently, environmental security issues received increasing worldwide interest by govern-ments, scientific institutions, intergovernmental organizations, and nongovern-mental groups, calling for greater attention to the potential threats to security posed by environmental problems (Dabelko, 2004; Matthew et al., 2004, UNEP, 2004). The decrease in quantity and quality of resources, rapid global population growth, and unequal access to resources are the basic drivers behind increasing environment-related security risks. Notably renewable resources like water and land are crucial factors in security issues, especially with respect to instability and migration between and within countries or regions. Moreover, environmental degradation often results in changes in important ecological and landscape processes that can have irreversible impacts to critical renewable resources such as water, fiber, food, and clean air. This can lead to a relatively permanent loss |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|