Nitric Oxide as a Unique Bioactive Signaling Messenger in Physiology and Pathophysiology
Autor: | M. Chandra, Renu Tuteja, M. K. Misra, Narendra Tuteja |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2004 |
Předmět: |
Health
Toxicology and Mutagenesis lcsh:Biotechnology Regulator Physiology lcsh:Medicine Review Article Biology lcsh:Chemical technology lcsh:Technology Nitric oxide chemistry.chemical_compound lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 Genetics lcsh:TP1-1185 Platelet activation Molecular Biology lcsh:T Mechanism (biology) Cell growth Nitrosylation lcsh:R General Medicine chemistry Molecular Medicine Myocardial fibrosis Signal transduction Biotechnology |
Zdroj: | Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Vol 2004, Iss 4, Pp 227-237 (2004) Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology |
ISSN: | 1110-7251 1110-7243 |
Popis: | Nitric oxide (NO) is an intra- and extracellular messenger that mediates diverse signaling pathways in target cells and is known to play an important role in many physiological processes including neuronal signaling, immune response, inflammatory response, modulation of ion channels, phagocytic defense mechanism, penile erection, and cardiovascular homeostasis and its decompensation in atherogenesis. Recent studies have also revealed a role for NO as signaling molecule in plant, as it activates various defense genes and acts as developmental regulator. In plants, NO can also be produced by nitrate reductase. NO can operate through posttranslational modification of proteins (nitrosylation). NO is also a causative agent in various pathophysiological abnormalities. One of the very important systems, the cardiovascular system, is affected by NO production, as this bioactive molecule is involved in the regulation of cardiovascular motor tone, modulation of myocardial contractivity, control of cell proliferation, and inhibition of platelet activation, aggregation, and adhesion. The prime source of NO in the cardiovascular system is endothelial NO synthase, which is tightly regulated with respect to activity and localization. The inhibition of chronic NO synthesis leads to neurogenic and arterial hypertensions, which later contribute to development of myocardial fibrosis. Overall, the modulation of NO synthesis is associated with hypertension. This review briefly describes the physiology of NO, its synthesis, catabolism, and targeting, the mechanism of NO action, and the pharmacological role of NO with special reference to its essential role in hypertension. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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